基于利润分配的制销供应链联盟安全责任策略

从企业社会责任的一个方面——产品的安全性能对消费者的影响入手,运用博弈论的基本思想,对制销供应链联盟的利润分配模型及其履行安全责任的策略进行了研究。结果表明：厂商可以通过对分配因子的选择,确定产品的批发价,从而实现利润的分配;供应链上游g类厂商能否较好地履行安全责任,并将履行安全责任的信息通过g类制销联盟有效地传递给消费者,经安全责任差异化产品,进而影响消费者偏好,是实现上游厂商、中游分销商和下游消费者帕累托最优的关键。     

Consumer Confidence in the Safety of Food and Newspaper Coverage of Food Safety Issues: A Longitudinal Perspective

This study develops a longitudinal perspective on consumer confidence in the safety of food to explore if, how, and why consumer confidence changes over time. In the first study, a theory-based monitoring instrument for consumer confidence in the safety of food was developed and validated. The monitoring instrument assesses consumer confidence together with its determinants. Model and measurement invariance were validated rigorously before developments in consumer confidence in the safety of food and its determinants were investigated over time. The results from the longitudinal analysis show that across four waves of annual data collection (2003–2006), the framework was stable and that the relative importance of the determinants of confidence was, generally, constant over time. Some changes were observed regarding the mean ratings on the latent constructs. The second study explored how newspaper coverage of food safety related issues affects consumer confidence in the safety of food through subjective consumer recall of food safety incidents. The results show that the newspaper coverage on food safety issues is positively associated with consumer recall of food safety incidents, both in terms of intensity and recency of media coverage.     

需求随机时的存货质押贷款质押率决策研究

需求波动导致的风险是存货质押融资区别于有价证券质押融资的主要方面.本文研究了当存货的需求随机波动时,银行的最优质押率决策问题,并详细分析了不同的风险偏好对质押率的影响,结论表明风险厌恶及损失规避时的质押率均低于风险中性时的质押率.本文同时还分析了当质押率影响贷款企业的库存决策时,银行的最优质押率决策.最后,通过数值算例验证了文章的结论.     

易逝品VMI与TPL集成供应链研究

本文考虑易逝品VMI与TPL集成环境下的供应链,旨在分析引入TPL对VMI供应链性能的影响。文章分别讨论了供应商拥有库存决策权、TPL拥有库存决策权以及引入不允许缺货约束机制等三种情况下的供应链,分析结果表明,库存决策权的转移对供应链的绩效没有绝对的影响,而在加入不允许缺货的约束机制后,供应链库存水平、顾客满意度以及零售商和供应商的收益都会得到一定程度的改善,而TPL收益和供应链总收益的变化不确定。     

多类顾客环境下报童模型中库存分配策略研究

考虑一个报童模型中多类顾客的库存分配问题,将顾客按照他们愿意支付价格的高低划分为不同级别。零售商在销售期初决定产品订货量,并在销售期内决定接受或者拒绝不同顾客的需求,以最大化销售期内的期望总利润。将销售期分成大量足够小的时间单位,通过建立一个反向Bellman动态规划方程,以优化每个时间单位内的库存分配策略,并得到了零售商最优的期初订货量。通过与没有库存分配策略下零售商的期望利润进行比较,算例分析得出库存分配策略可以大幅提高零售商的利润。这主要是因为通过库存分配可以使得零售商从高端顾客中获取更多利润,同时能够减小期初的订货量,以节约采购成本和库存持有成本。     

Quantity Discount‐Based Inventory Coordination: Effectiveness and Critical Environmental Factors

It is understood that quantity discounts provide a practical foundation for coordinating inventory decisions in supply chains. The primary objective of this research is to test, under a variety of environmental conditions, the effectiveness of quantity discounts as an inventory coordination mechanism between a buyer and a supplier. A comprehensive simulation experiment with anova has been designed to investigate the impacts of (1) choice of quantity discount‐based inventory coordination policies, (2) magnitude of demand variation, (3) buyer's and supplier's relative inventory cost structure, and (4) buyer's economic time‐between‐orders on the effectiveness of supply chain inventory coordination. The analytical results confirm that the quantity discount policies have managerial properties as a mediator for inventory coordination. The results also show that the performance of quantity discount‐based inventory coordination policies is influenced significantly by environmental factors, such as the magnitude of demand variation, the buyer's and the supplier's inventory cost structure, and the buyer's economic time‐between‐orders.     

Dynamic Policies for Optimal LEO Satellite Launches

Low‐earth orbit satellite (LEO) systems continue to provide mobile communication services. The issue of cost containment in system maintenance is a critical factor for continued operation. Satellite finite life‐times follow a stochastic process, and since satellite replenishment cost is the most significant on‐going cost of operation, finding optimal launch policies is of paramount importance. This paper formulates the satellite launch problem as a Markovian decision model that can be solved using dynamic programming. The policy space of the system is enormous and traditional action space dominance rules do not apply. In order to solve the dynamic program for realistic problem sizes, a novel procedure for limiting the state space considered in the dynamic program is developed. The viability of the proposed solution procedure is demonstrated in example problems using realistic system data. The policies derived by the proposed solution procedure are superior to those currently considered by LEO system operators, and result in substantial annual cost savings.     

有限耐烦期随机库存系统的最优控制

对供应链内部库存系统进行优化控制是提高供应链协调性的一种重要手段。本文针对实际库存活动中普遍存在的有限耐烦期这种现象,综合考虑顾客退货、库存损失等随机因素对最优库存策略的影响,构造出一种更加贴近实际的随机库存系统最优控制模型,并借助于动态规划原理给出了最优控制律的表达式,然后给出了算例及说明。其结果可为随机库存系统的管理决策提供了理论依据,也可为进一步提高供应链的协调性提供了借鉴。     

Socioeconomic Determinants of Health- and Food Safety-Related Risk Perceptions

Individual and societal perceptions of food-related health risks are multidimensional and complex. Social, political, psychological, and economic factors interact with technological factors and affect perceptions in complex ways. Previous research found that the significant determinants of risk perceptions include socioeconomic and behavioral variables. Most of these past results are based on two-way comparisons and factor analysis. The objective of this study was to analyze the significance of socioeconomic determinants of risk perceptions concerning health and food safety. A multivariate approach was used and the results were compared with earlier bivariate results to determine which socioeconomic predictors were robust across methods. There were two major findings in this study. The first was that the results in the multivariate models were generally consistent with earlier bivariate analysis. That is, variables such as household income, number of children, gender, age, and voting preferences were strong predictors of an individual's risk perceptions. The second result was that the gender of the respondent was the only variable found to be robust across all three classes of health and food safety issues across two time periods.     

Benchmarking Safety Climate in Hazardous Environments: A Longitudinal, Interorganizational Approach

Safety climate is an important element of organizational reliability. This study applied benchmarking strategies for monitoring safety climate across nine North Sea oil and gas installations that were surveyed in consecutive years. Examination of absolute changes in safety climate complemented the benchmarking approach. Discriminant function analyses (DFA) identified the elements of safety climate predictive of self-reported accidents; correlational analyses were applied to the scale scores and accident proportions across the year period. Absolute improvements were substantial, with safety climate profiles converging in the second year. Large relative improvements were also observed. DFA highlighted perceived management commitment to safety and willingness to report accidents as significant predictors of personal accident involvement. Changes in perceived management commitment to safety were closely associated with changes in safety behavior.