Understanding how corporate social responsibility partnership factors influence nonprofit supportive intentions

Public relations literature on corporate social responsibility (CSR) has long detailed the impact of CSR outcomes for corporations. This study seeks to understand how CSR influences the nonprofit partners involved in these initiatives and what types of CSR partnerships lead to nonprofit supportive intentions. This study merges perspectives on organization-public relationships (OPR) with nonprofit management literature. An online 2 (NPO reputation: low vs high) x 2 (partnership duration: short vs. long) x 2 (CSR fit: low vs. high) experiment was conducted. A few key factors emerged in the analysis: Positive nonprofit reputation strongly predicted all OPR outcomes and mission accomplishment. Unexpectedly, the short-duration condition led to more positive outcomes and intentions. Fit did not seem to have a direct effect on outcomes, but the high-fit, short-duration partnership led to increased levels of all outcomes. For mediation, satisfaction and commitment had the strongest indirect effects on nonprofit supportive intentions (donation, volunteer, and word-of-mouth). This study expands the understanding of CSR effects on nonprofit partners, specifically by showing how different CSR partnership types play a role in the relationship-building efforts of nonprofits. Additionally, demonstrating how mission accomplishment can strengthen these relationships helps to disentangle the unique position of nonprofits in CSR, whose reputation and mission are at stake.     

The reputational benefits of instructing information: The first test of the revised model of reputation repair

Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT) prescribes crisis response strategies for organizations facing crisis. A meta-analysis of SCCT suggests using the prescribed responses has, at most, a small effect on reputation, while a few studies have shown that the base crisis responses (instructing information and adjusting information) may have a larger effect on reputation. This experiment compares the effects of SCCT’s prescribed responses, instructing information, and adjusting information on reputation in an experiment with 989 participants recruited from mTurk. It finds that instructing information has a very large effect on reputation, while adjusting information has a small but significant effect on reputation. In this sample, SCCT’s prescribed response strategies have no significant effect on reputation. The experiment proposes the revised model of reputation repair (REMREP) as a tool for understanding how crisis influences reputation. The model incorporates virtuousness and offensiveness, which demonstrates the importance of organizational virtuousness in handling a crisis. Implications for theory and practitioners are discussed.     

Reputation in Rupture: Broken Alliances and Relational Politics in the Roosevelt-Taft Split

Under what circumstances do close allies sacrifice their unity? By what process do bonds break? Although it might be argued that political ruptures are determined by incommensurable ideas (policies, philosophies) or by contentious personalities (temperament, character), we argue that neither explanation is sociologically sufficient. Extending the theories of interpersonal ruptures of Diane Vaughan and Robert Emerson to political domains, we take a relational approach to politics by emphasizing the centrality of the availability of reputational information, networks of supporters, and public displays of antagonism in response to affronts within systems of institutional power. Our approach to public ruptures draws on a detailed case study: the broken alliance between presidents Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft, a dramatic instance of changing master-protégé relationship. The transition from close interpersonal alliance to public distaste typically involves four stages that expand a relational breach to an irreparable rupture: (1) personal grievance, (2) substantive disagreement, (3) public awareness, and (4) network activity. While every detailed case has limits, we note comparable instances and contend that this model applies broadly to broken partnerships in politics or other public domains.     

Gnutella对等网中抵御DDoS攻击的评估算法

为了有效降低恶意节点利用泛洪查找机制对网络造成的破坏,提高对等网抵御DDoS攻击的自适应力,提出了基于马尔科夫的评估(ME)算法。运用可信和信誉机制对节点的历史行为进行评估,确保节点所获取的信息来源节点的可信;通过节点邻居信息的交互将恶意节点尽早识别、隔离,并将恶意消息的传播控制在局部范围,增强抵御DDoS攻击的效能。仿真实验结果表明,该算法能有效地隔离恶意节点,阻止恶意消息的传输,增强Gnutella对等网对基于泛洪DDoS攻击的容忍度。     

清代法官与百姓名誉

清代法官在司法活动中，本着爱民观念，同时为培养百姓的廉耻心，极力保护百姓的名誉。其主要表现为不遂杖，尤其是侧重对绅士、妇女名誉的保护。     

政府干预对医疗领域市场声誉机制的挤出效应

监管和自律是克服医生道德风险的主要途径,医疗领域的特殊性决定了克服医生道德风险的最根本途径在于自律而不是过度监管,政府对医疗领域的过度干预会对声誉机制产生“挤出效应”,同时也进一步强化了医生的道德风险。制度安排的关键在于改革现行“管办不分”的医疗卫生体制以及医院等级评定和医生职称评定制度,同时放松政府对医疗服务价格的控制,彻底解除卫生行政部门与公立医院的“父子关系”,以恢复医疗供方市场声誉机制。     

真实性抗辩在新闻侵害名誉权案中的适用困境与出路

在新闻报道侵犯名誉权的案件中，真实性抗辩是媒体最常用也最有力的抗辩事由，但其适用关系到多方面的制度选择与利益平衡。在我国司法实践中，主要存在三方面困境。一是“真实”的标准不一，新闻真实与法律真实的差异常常导致证据认定冲突；二是关于“真实”的举证责任分配逻辑混乱；三是合理性误信行为的过错认定标准不明。比较西方相关国家的立法及司法经验，我国真实性抗辩中的“真实标准”应予适当放宽并合理分配举证责任，同时明确合理性误信行为的注意义务。     

C2C环境下顾客初始信任的影响机制研究:网上购物经验的调节作用

本文基于网上购物经验不同的顾客,运用实证研究探讨了C2C环境下顾客初始信任的影响机制。结果表明,感知产品、感知信用评分和感知客户评论均显著影响顾客初始信任;网上购物经验显著调节感知产品和感知信用评分对顾客初始信任的影响,而对感知客户评论与初始信任的关系未起到显著调节作用。本文深化了顾客初始信任的理论研究,对网上店铺赢得顾客初始信任及顾客购买意愿具有实践意义。     

基于监管、学习和声誉的联盟稳定性:实验研究

借鉴实验经济学的研究方法,研究了监管、学习和声誉机制对联盟成员机会主义行为的影响。实验用囚徒困境模型表示联盟成员间的合作竞争关系,通过控制监管力度,逐步引入学习机制和声誉机制来比较分析各机制的作用及关系。结果表明,监管越完善,越有利于控制机会主义行为,但其成本也越高;学习机制的引入,可以进一步减少机会主义行为,但联盟中的学习者也可借助信息优势,在监管严格时回避风险,在监管放松时采取机会主义行为获取短期超额收益;声誉机制的加入使得机会主义行为进一步减少,联盟企业借助信息优势获取超额收益的副作用也被消除。     

基于结构方程模型的政府投资项目代建企业声誉测量实证研究

政府投资项目代建市场正处于发展阶段,所存在的项目管理企业声誉差异较大,为研究声誉机制如何为代建市场带来价值提供了特殊的制度环境。文章确立了包括5个测量因子及19个外显指标的代建企业声誉测量模型,经验证的测量模型更具科学性和可操作性。研究结果显示出组织领导与团队、专业服务质量、工作环境3个因子对声誉的影响力度较大。研究结论旨在将代建企业声誉测量引入代建市场选择机制,从非正式契约层面完善代建企业激励制度设计,实现对代建企业的激励目标,并为其声誉管理提供方向。