基于“柠檬”理论的在线信誉反馈系统有效性研究

信任问题是困扰在线拍卖市场发展的瓶颈之一.在线信誉反馈系统在消除信息不对称性,解决在线拍卖市场逆向选择问题中发挥着重要的作用.首先分析在线拍卖市场中逆向选择问题产生的原因,而后基于"柠檬"理论,从更换交易对手的重复博弈角度分析在线信誉反馈系统中信誉运行模型,对在线拍卖市场的信誉运行机理进行分析.研究指出在线信誉反馈系统能激励卖家诚信交易,一定程度上降低逆向选择问题,为我国在线拍卖网站和网络卖家更好地实施网络声誉战略提供一个思路.     

“艾滋女”事件的侵权法分析

＂艾滋女＂事件是一起典型的侵犯人格权的案件,其中,最核心的问题是侵犯隐私权和名誉权。美国侵权法重述对隐私权进行了四分,但这并不完全适用于我国。在该案中,杨某侵犯了闫德利的姓名权、肖像权、隐私权和名誉权,并且同时侵害了279个＂嫖客＂的隐私权和名誉权,行为人需要对此承担民事责任。在个人公布自己隐私的情况下,隐私处分也有一定的界限,即需要受到公序良俗和法律的限制;在共同隐私的情况下,行使自己的隐私处分权不得侵害共同隐私权人中其他人的权利。     

考虑广告主信誉和用户体验的GSP机制研究

目前,竞标在线广告位是广大广告主宣传其产品的重要途径之一,在线广告位的拍卖已成为搜索引擎企业最主要的盈利手段之一。在国内,广告位拍卖机制的逐利本质诱发了大量的虚假广告,引发了公众的广泛争议;拥有高报价的广告主并不总是带给搜索引擎用户好的用户体验,这些问题已成为搜索引擎亟需解决的重要问题。本文提出了一种既考虑广告主信誉又考虑用户体验的可信有效竞价广告位拍卖机制,定义了在该机制下的对称纳什均衡,给出了广告主的均衡竞价策略,证明了在该均衡下的配置是有效率的。通过与单纯竞价GSP拍卖机制进行比较,我们发现用户的满意度得到了提高,这增加了搜索引擎的竞争优势。此外,本文的拍卖机制不仅有利于促进广告主提高信誉,在提高搜索引擎的长期均衡收益和拍卖效率方面也有一定的优势。通过数值模拟验证了我们的结论。     

Cosine similarity-based clustering and dynamic reputation trust aware key generation scheme for trusted communication on social networking

Social networking sites (SNSs) make it possible to connect people and they can communicate with others. Due to the lack of privacy mechanisms, the users in SNSs are vulnerable to some kinds of attacks. Security and privacy issues have become critically important with the fast expansion of SNSs. Most network applications such as pervasive computing, grid computing and P2P networks can be viewed as multi-agent systems which are open, anonymous and dynamic in nature. Moreover, most of the existing reputation trust models (RTMs) do not depend on any clustering structures. The clustering structures are used to effectively calculate the trustworthiness of the network nodes. In this paper, a novel cosine similarity-based clustering and dynamic reputation trust aware key generation (CSBC-DRT) scheme is proposed. For better faced clustering, a cosine similarity measure is estimated for all the nodes on the network. Based on the similarity measure among the nodes, the network nodes are clustered into disjoint groups. The RTM is built in this proposed scheme. Here, an improved MD5 algorithm is explored for key generation and key verification. After the key verification, the trusted measures such as reputation value, positive edge and negative edge values are computed to formulate the trusted network. The proposed scheme performs better than the existing RTM, which provides trusted communication in social networks.     

舆论监督中的公务员名誉权保护与限制——兼论公务员名誉新闻侵权责任的认定

舆论监督权的行使与公务员名誉权的保护由于价值取向不同经常发生冲突,其协调关键在于以公共利益为标准来界定权利的边界,在新闻侵权责任的认定上确立实际恶意、大体真实、适度容忍三原则。     

论企业集群的优势创造与保持:制度的视角

全球化条件下的“位置悖论”促进了企业集群的理论研究与政策应用。在本文中,笔者解释了“位置悖论”,在此基础上提出并分析了“集群悖论”。制度是企业集群竞争优势的基础,集群治理是企业集群长期竞争优势的制度基础。     

No praise without effort: experimental evidence on how rewards affect Wikipedia's contributor community

The successful provision of public goods through mass volunteering over the Internet poses a puzzle to classic social science theories of human cooperation. A solution suggested by recent studies proposes that informal rewards (e.g. a thumbs-up, a badge, an editing award, etc.) can motivate participants by raising their status in the community, which acts as a select incentive to continue contributing. Indeed, a recent study of Wikipedia found that receiving a reward had a large positive effect on the subsequent contribution levels of highly-active contributors. While these findings are suggestive, they only pertained to already highly-active contributors. Can informal rewards also serve as a mechanism to increase participation among less-active contributors by initiating a virtuous cycle of work and reward? We conduct a field experiment on the online encyclopedia Wikipedia in which we bestowed rewards to randomly selected editors of varying productivity levels. Analysis of post-treatment activity shows that despite greater room for less-active contributors to increase their productive efforts, rewards yielded increases in work only among already highly-productive editors. On the other hand, rewards were associated with lower retention of less-active contributors. These findings suggest that the incentive structure in peer production is broadly meritocratic, as highly-active contributors accumulate the most rewards. However, this may also contribute to the divide between the stable core of highly-prodigious producers and a peripheral population of less-active contributors with shorter volunteer tenures.     

Mapping semantic meaning of corporate reputation in global economic crisis context: A Slovenian study

This paper raises fundamental questions about the meaning of reputation and its measurement. It also considers the context of the recent global economic crisis, which brought about the lowest levels of trust in corporations, and a serious erosion of reputational capital of the corporations previously regarded as highly reputable. It maps out the semantic content of corporate reputation in an attempt to capture the ideas that individuals associate with this concept and to contrast it with the established standard reputational measures of reputation. The empirical part is based on semantic network analysis, a special form of social network analysis, where connections are formed by the use of overlapping concepts. The results show that there are a few strong determinants of reputation. They mainly coincide with the established reputational measures; however, some strong determinates seem to be context-specific and reflect the current global economic and financial crisis. The findings of the study correspond to the proposition in the literature that reputation is socially constructed and deliver insights into the relevance of standard and universal reputational measures.     

两阶段基于信号博弈的声誉模型

建立了一个两时期基于信号博弈的声誉模型. 有两个参与人进行博弈,拥有私人信息的 参与人叫发送者,另一个不拥有私人信息的叫接收者;该声誉模型研究L 类(低能力类型) 发 送者是否有动机在第一时期建立声誉. 证明显示,如果L 类发送者在第一时期建立声誉,则他 在第二时期的最优信号更大,在第一时期的效用更小,但是,他将在第二时期获得更高的效用.     

证券分析师预测“变脸”行为研究——基于分析师声誉的博弈模型与实证检验

在金融市场上,证券分析师的预测行为通常会发生偏差． 在股市高涨时,分析师随波逐流,常常发表过度乐观的预测; 而当泡沫消退时,分析师则会掉头转向,发布与之前形成强烈反差的盈余预期或股票推荐． 对于这种分析师基于市场状态而发布忽高忽低预测的“变脸行 为”,传统的理论观点无法做出完整清晰的解释． 本文试图将行为金融理论中日渐兴起的迎合理论纳入分析框架,运用声誉博弈分析的方式建立分析师迎合行为模型． 该理论模型表明: 为了提高自己的声誉以获得更多的利益,分析师会迎合投资者的先验信念而故意发布有偏的信息． 基于中国的实证研究则为上述理论预期提供了有力的证据,表明了该模型的合理性和有用性,有助于认识激励机制扭曲下分析师预测行为发生系统性偏差的现象．