The Attributes of Effective NGOs and the Leadership Values Associated with a Reputation for Organizational Effectiveness

Building on prior research characterizing organizational effectiveness as a social construction, this article identifies the perceived attributes of effective transnational nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and the leadership values associated with higher reputations for organizational effectiveness. Results are based on an in‐depth, mixed‐method interview study of 152 NGO leaders located in the United States and representing all major sectors of organizational activity. Among the twenty‐nine attributes that leaders identified in peer organizations that they regarded as particularly effective, leaders stressed instantiation of sound principles or strategy, a grassroots approach, large organizational size and resources, being collaborative, singleness of focus, campaigning abilities, funding and fundraising prowess, global scope, and quality people. Furthermore, statistical analysis reveals that NGOs with leaders who value similarities with peer organizations, grassroots approaches, diversity of strategies, dedication, professionalism, and distributed organizational structures have significantly higher reputations for effectiveness.     

大股东侵占与企业声誉对公司绩效的影响

委托代理中的信息不对称是公司治理的一大难题,大股东和股权集中度的存在又为公司的有效治理蒙上了一层面纱。约束大股东行为以及保护中小投资者利益成为现阶段公司治理的重要问题。而公司声誉通过影响公司的竞争力和持续性经营,被认为是约束大股东利益侵占的一个有效机制。选取中国2011—2013年度A股上市公司的相关数据作为研究对象,运用实证分析法分别对大股东侵占和公司声誉对我国上市公司绩效的影响进行检验的结果表明,大股东的侵占对公司绩效产生了负面效应,而公司的良好声誉对公司的绩效产生了正面效应。     

利益冲突、声誉激励与股价发现有效性

构建了分析师两期荐股模型,解析分析师和投资者的利益冲突、分析师类型不确定性和基本面的不对称信息三者相互作用并影响股价发现有效性的作用机制． 分析结果表明: 关联分析师方的“激励扭曲效应”源于其受利益相关方干扰后进行策略性荐股谋取私利; 独立分析师方的“声誉激励效应”源于其受远期市场上“身份识别”困扰等利他动机进行策略性荐股; 激励扭曲效应、声誉激励效应与价值投资者的策略性解读偏差共同导致分析师信息发现加工效率受损和股票市场有效性下降; 这一作用机制并不依赖于非策略性市场参与者假设; 常见的分级荐股方式有助于约束分析师的声誉激励并降低跨期效率损失． 这些结论为完善分析师薪酬考核机制、强化特定时点信息披露、分析师声誉市场培育、建立长效追踪制度和引入适当的长期责任承担制度提供了理论支撑．     

加强企业应收账款风险管理

由于商业信用的发展,企业间赊销赊购现象已非属偶然。而由赊销赊购带来的应收账款风险,一直困扰着企业,使企业不能有再生产所需的充足的资金。应认真总结其形成的原因,采取有效的措施,避免或减少应收账款风险,以加速资金的收回。     

委托资产组合管理研究综述

从委托资产组合管理中的最优报酬合同、声誉对管理者的影响及资产定价和一般均衡三个方面综述有关委托资产组合管理的研究现状,剖析该领域的最新发展,并提出至今未解决的问题,进而有针对性地提出需要进一步研究的内容。     

侵害公民各誉权民事责任研究

本文对侵害公民名誉权的构成要件提出了新的观点,对侵害公民名誉权构成要件是否应具备“确有名誉权受到损害的后果”提出了质疑并进行了法律思考,对侵害公民名誉权的情形和承担民事责任方式提出了立法建议。     

信息化与中国信用建设

目前我国尚未建立健全社会信用体系,社会各个领域出现了严重的信用问题.我国应该如何解决上述问题?本文从信任产生的基础出发,运用相关理论对如何利用信息技术推动中国信用建设进行了分析,同时给出了一些建议.     

防治信用缺失,优化信用环境

信用是现代市场经济的基石,其本质是一种债权债务关系。目前,我国信用体系的制度基础十分脆弱,信用环境不 良,信用缺失现象普遍存在,已严重冲击了正常的市场经济秩序,给经济发展带来了不可估量的损失。因此,如何优 化信用环境、防治信用缺失,已成为我国面临的一个重要课题。     

制度信誉服务与个人利益

个人利益是经济人在成本约束下追求效益最大化的趋利过程,而经济人是从自然中发展起来的,既要服从自然,又要超越自然,而超越背离了服从的前提,就会破坏人类的生存环境,因此,只有从完善的制度、良好的信誉、优质的服务等方面规范和引导经济人的行为过程,形成人与人之间、人与自然界的良性互动,才能实现个人、社会经济效益的协调发展。     

Gambling Reputation: Repeated Bargaining With Outside Options

We study the role of incomplete information and outside options in determining bargaining postures and surplus division in repeated bargaining between a long‐run player and a sequence of short‐run players. The outside option is not only a disagreement point, but reveals information privately held by the long‐run player. In equilibrium, the uninformed short‐run players' offers do not always respond to changes in reputation and the informed long‐run player's payoffs are discontinuous. The long‐run player invokes inefficient random outside options repeatedly to build reputation to a level where the subsequent short‐run players succumb to his extraction of a larger payoff, but he also runs the risk of losing reputation and relinquishing bargaining power. We investigate equilibrium properties when the discount factor goes to 1 and when the informativeness of outside options diffuses. In both cases, bargaining outcomes become more inefficient and the limit reputation‐building probabilities are interior.