Cloud manufacturing system for sheet metal processing

Abstract

Cloud computing is changing the way industries and enterprises run their businesses. Cloud manufacturing is emerging as an approach to transform the traditional manufacturing business model, while helping the manufacturer to align production efficiency with its business strategy, and creating intelligent factory networks that enable collaboration across the whole enterprise. Many production planning and control (PPC) problems are essentially optimisation problems, where the objective is to develop a plan that meets the demand at minimum cost or maximum profit. Because the underlying optimisation problem will vary in the different business and operation phases, it is important to think about optimisation in a dynamic mechanism and in a number of interlinked sub-problems at the same time. Cloud manufacturing has the potential to offer decision support as a service and medium of communication in PPC. To solve these problems and produce collaboration across the supply chain, this paper provides an overview of the state of the art in cloud manufacturing and presents a model of cloud-based production planning and production system for sheet metal processing.     

The implementation of digital technologies for operations management: a case study for manufacturing apps

Abstract

Manufacturing applications address business to business (B2B) with highly customised applications developed for specific requirements, offering highly specialised solution-oriented and service-based software components, systems, and digital tools that aim at a fast and accurate decision-making support system. The purpose of this paper is to describe the implementation of digital technologies for operations management using manufacturing or engineering apps (eApps), for product design and manufacturing processes. In particular, starting from the specific needs of two companies from mature European industries as automotive and food, this work depicts how this kind of solutions can support companies and improve their operations. In particular, related benefits and challenges faced for the full implementation of the developed tools are highlighted. Moreover a business model to exploit the manufacturing apps is also proposed. The business model proposed for the exploitation of the eApps supports the commercialisation of all the revenue streams offered by this rapidly growing sector taking into account the specific needs of the concerned stakeholders through a diversified value proposition.     

生产性企业组织学习最优控制模型及其理论分析

运用最优控制理论研究生产性企业组织学习活动的动态最优决策问题.以企业的概念性学习投资率和操作性学习投资率为决策变量,累积知识量、生产率、单位成本和废品率等为状态变量,计划期内的总利润为指标函数,建立了一个最优控制模型,其特点在于规范地描绘概念性学习和操作性学习对企业累积知识量、生产率、单位成本、质量以及企业利润的动态影响.根据生产性企业组织学习和生产经营的实际情况,提出了一些定量化表达的假设和定义.在假设和定义的基础上利用最大值原理分析了所建立的模型,获得了关于动态最优概念性学习投资策略和操作性学习投资策略性质的一些结论,将这些结论与实际问题相结合,指出了在生产性企业组织学习实践上的含义.     

基于核心制造规范的外包决策模型及实证研究

本文将制造规范概念引入外包决策,从考虑企业长期绩效和长期竞争力的角度提出了一个以制造规范核心度和流失度为控制变量的二维外包决策模型。决策模型将外包环境分为九种类型,涵盖了从内部制造、各种形式的外包,到简单采购等所有"买或做"的决策,尤其是对介于自制与简单采购之间灰色地带的外包,给出了考虑提供制造规范主体和供应商类型的不同类型合作和联盟治理结构策略。对四个不同类型的企业典型产品近1000个零件的外包决策进行了统计分析,实证了模型的有效性。模型对现实世界观察到的制造企业由于没有按照其中规律行事而导致失败的原因做出了合理而明确解释。     

Demand and Production Management with Uniform Guaranteed Lead Time

Recently, innovation‐oriented firms have been competing along dimensions other than price, lead time being one such dimension. Increasingly, customers are favoring lead time guarantees as a means to hedge supply chain risks. For a make‐to‐order environment, we explicitly model the impact of a lead time guarantee on customer demands and production planning. We study how a firm can integrate demand and production decisions to optimize expected profits by quoting a uniform guaranteed maximum lead time to all customers. Our analysis highlights the increasing importance of lead time for customers, as well as the tradeoffs in achieving a proper balance between revenue and cost drivers associated with lead‐time guarantees. We show that the optimal lead time has a closed‐form solution with a newsvendor‐like structure. We prove comparative statics results for the change in optimal lead time with changes in capacity and cost parameters and illustrate the insights using numerical experimentation.     

半导体激光器的光学准直

对半导体激光器进行光学准直是空间光通信系统必须进行的重要工作。文中简述了准直通常使用的方法,测试了使用单透镜对一种３５ｍＷ半导体激光器的准直结果,准直效率约为６０％,准直后的发射角为０４～０７５ｍｒａｄ。     

以总部经济模式推动沿海地区制造业转型升级研究

后金融危机时期,我国沿海地区制造业面临着严峻的转型升级压力,任务紧迫而艰巨。总部经济作为一种高端知识型经济形态,对于推动我国沿海地区制造业转型升级、实现经济发展方式转变、再造竞争新优势具有重要意义。宁波作为沿海开放城市,近年来积极探索以总部经济模式促进制造业转型升级,并取得较好的发展成效。     

沈阳市建设以装备制造业为特色的国家中心城市对策

沈阳是我国工业重镇,东北区域中心城市。继北京、上海、广州、天津、重庆进入国家中心城市之后,建设国家中心城市成为沈阳明确的战略目标。建设国家中心城市需要突出城市禀赋特色,明确城市定位。沈阳素称“共和国装备部”,正在加速建设世界级装备制造业基地。因此,沈阳建设国家中心城市应以装备制造业为主要特征,同时建设区域经济、交运、服务中心,建设东北宜居都市。     

模块化与制造经济--发展武汉现代制造业的新思维

模块化对制造经济的影响可从行业及企业两方面来考察。在行业方面,模块化使行业原来那种从原料到最终产品及客户服务的纵向链关系,演变为具有并行特征的扁平化网络;在企业方面,模块化增加了新的定位参数,即技术人员在模块化生存中的角色是设计师也是模块生产者。当“模块化”规则打开了广阔的产业发展空间时,利用“模块化”利益重构武汉制造业,无疑是占优的选择。发展武汉现代制造业的新思维包括成为研发和设计基地,培育有竞争力的大产业,鼓励高技术装备企业的发展,吸引高校和科研机构的创新元素到发展经济的大战略中,吸引创新投资基金的投入等。     

我国流通业与制造业的产业关联分析

基于我国1997、2002和2007年的投入产出数据,运用投入产出分析法,分析了我国流通业与制造业的产业关联.研究结果表明,制造业是流通业中间需求的主要消耗部门,不同类型制造业对流通业的中间需求结构存在一定的差异.流通业对制造业的中间投入水平很低,中间投入结构在不同类型的制造行业也存在一定差异.流通业对制造业的促进作用大于制造业对流通业的拉动作用.我国流通业与制造业存在互动关系,但产业关联效应仍处于较低水平.