“三权分置”制度下农村大学生土地权益保障研究

因户口、职业、经常居住地非农化以及集体义务难以履行等原因,农村大学生的集体经济组织成员权受到质疑甚至否定,导致其土地权益易被侵害。调查结果表明,在“两权分离”制度下,农村女大学生上大学前未分得承包地的比例高于男大学生,农村男大学生上大学后土地权益受侵害与户口迁移正相关,农村女大学生上大学后土地权益受侵害与年龄正相关,经济较发达地区的农村大学生土地权益受侵害的可能性较高。在“三权分置”制度下,应明确在校农村大学生的“集体经济组织成员”身份和“农户家庭成员”身份,即在校农村大学生应与其他村民平等地享有分得承包地的权利、平等地享有土地承包经营权的各种收益,并与其他家庭成员平等地享有承包土地的各项权益;在承包期内(包括延长期),无论农村大学生的身份怎样变化,只要其还是中华人民共和国公民,发包方都不能强制收回其土地承包经营权;同时,要“确地到人、确权到人”,切实保障农村大学生流转土地经营权后获得应有收益,并充分保障上大学前未分得承包地的农村大学生的合法土地权益。     

A Therapist’s Mandate?: Integrating an Ethics of Care into Custody Law by Recognising and Responding to Post‐separation Parental Loss of Connection with Children

In 1999 Smart and Neale published their seminal book Family Fragments, arguing for the replacement of the ethics of justice that currently informs custody law and practice with an ethics of care. Recognising loss is one of four principles they identify as being key to care‐based processes for managing post‐separation parenting arrangements. Here they had in mind the non‐resident fathers in their study, who were often anxious, angry, and resentful about their diminished fatherhood. Yet gender‐neutral custody laws and the greater prominence given to shared care across the West means that increasing numbers of separated mothers are also experiencing diminished connections to their children, either by becoming non‐resident parents or through shared care arrangements. Research into post‐separation fathers’ and mothers’ experiences of loss and grief in relation to their children is sparse and largely consists of small‐scale qualitative studies focusing either on fathers or mothers. Nonetheless, these studies show that the grief talk of post‐separated parents is strikingly similar, except that mothers who become non‐resident parents commonly talk about a sense of stigma and shame, while fathers are more likely than mothers to resort to the language of anger and rights. Despite Smart and Neale's call roughly 20 years ago, custody law systems across the West continue to neglect parents’ need for recognition and support. This paper seeks to rectify this social neglect through describing a dual program of therapeutically informed interventions with separated mothers and fathers. This is designed to recognise and respond to parental loss and grief experiences, whilst simultaneously fostering personal self‐reflexivity and transformation. The latter is no easy task but is frequently an essential basis for workable co‐parenting post‐separation.     

Change in the Association Between Premarital Cohabitation and Separation,Australia 1945 – 2000

We investigate change in the association between premarital cohabitation and the risk of separation. Using retrospective marriage history data from the first wave (2001) of the Household Income and Labor Dynamics in Australian survey, we examine 6,210 first marriages formed between 1945 and 2000. We find the association between premarital cohabitation and separation is changing. The increased risk of separation for cohabitors compared to noncohabitors diminishes each year for marriages before 1988. This association then reverses for marriages after 1988, where noncohabitors have an increased risk of separation. Our results indicate that, for more recent marriages, premarital cohabitation reduces the risk of separation; more research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms for this reversal.     

A small world on feet of clay? A comparison of empirical small-world studies against best-practice criteria

Small-world studies were introduced by Milgram and others in the 1960s and 1970s. These studies, and a majority of variants conducted by others, display a number of methodological weaknesses that bias their results. While no explicit methodological standard exists for these studies, here I derive a number of best-practice criteria for small-world studies by pointing out mistakes of previous studies, and by applying methodological standards from other empirical research areas. Improving the methodology of letter referral studies is important, because such studies could still be useful in a number of contexts today, especially for the exploration of factors affecting targeted search processes.     

The Voice of the Child in Parenting Coordination: Views of Children,Parents, and Parenting Coordinators

This article examines the views of children, parents, and parenting coordinators (PCs) on child inclusion in the parenting coordination process. Participants in a parenting coordination pilot project in Montréal, Quebec—10 children (ranging in age from 8–17 years old), 14 parents, and 2 PCs—were interviewed at the end of the project. The goal was to understand their perceptions of child participation in parenting coordination interventions. Overall, a vast majority of children and parents agreed that children should be given a forum in parenting coordination and their voices heard. Feedback from PCs on their child inclusion experience also provided rare insight into this practice. Results confirm the importance for children of being heard in postseparation interventions, even when parental conflict is high. These findings add to the growing literature on the participation of children in postseparation interventions.     

弹劾制度理论基础探要

弹劾制度是西方宪政制度的重要组成部分。弹劾制度的理论基础可以概括为人民主权理论、权力分立和制衡理论及正当程序理论三部分。揭示弹劾制度的理论基础,对于我们理解弹劾制度的实质,科学地建构弹劾制度,从而对发展和完善我国的罢免制度具有重要意义。     

论破绽主义离婚立法下的分居

分居制度作为对不可离婚的补救而源于寺院法,在禁止离婚时期它对调解夫妻关系起过重要的作用。在现代社会仍有相当的国家保留此制,但其功能、形式和效力与以往大不相同。在破绽主义离婚立法出现后,分居又成为破绽之推定。我国修正后的《婚姻法》亦将分居作为破绽的推定。     

Dirichelet条件的Laplace方程的多种解法

本文用多种方法求解Laplace方程Dirichlet边值问题,展示了解题的思路与技巧,并利用Matlab对结果进行了可视化的解释。     

分权制衡中的司法权

权力分立与制衡的现象在早期人类社会就存在,资产阶级革命理论与实践推动了立法权、行政权、司法权的分立制衡。司法权相比于立法权、行政权,其独立性与权威性明显不足。中国司法权的力量极其薄弱,中国独立司法权的建设将是一个漫长曲折的权力搏击弈过程。     

对法治与人治问题的再思考

法治与人治,都是统治者治国的方式。但统治者是实行法治,还是实行人治,对国家和社会以及人民群众来说,却有着极不相同的治理效果,尤其是时国家的繁荣昌盛,长治久安,以及老百姓幸福安康来讲,意义非常重大。本文拟从法治的含义、内容以及与人治的比较中,探讨法治对推动社会进步、国家强大、百姓康乐的深远意义。