The Single Assessment Process in Primary Care: Older People's Accounts of the Process

Recent government policies have been active in addressing socialinclusion and active participation of older people in many aspectsof societal life. Independence and well-being animate thesedevelopments and are evident in the emphasis on person-centredservices within the single assessment process for older people(Department of Health, 2002b). Drawing on a feasibility study of the Single Assessment Processas a ‘case-finding’ approach, this paper presentsfindings drawn from older people’s accounts of this experience.These accounts indicate the potential of the process for identifying‘low-level’ need, whilst raising issues of accessto formal services and resource constraint; also they underlinethe importance of understanding how older people seek ways ofmanaging their own health and well-being, whilst continuingto contribute to the social cohesion of society by providingsupport to their peers and to younger generations. Interdependence, it is suggested, rather than dependence shouldunderlie any approach to assessing older people’s needs,if we are to appreciate and build upon the complexity of olderpeople’s strategies for actively managing their lives.     

在公平与效率之间:对北京市养老资源的空间分析

基于网络采集的养老机构数据和第六次全国人口普查数据，以公共设施区位理论为框架，使用空间分析方法，本文对北京市养老资源的分布模式进行了研究。研究发现，在乡镇/街道层面，整体上公办养老资源分布相对均衡，呈现正的空间依赖，民办养老资源则局部呈现负的空间相关性特征。空间回归分析表明，尽管两者布局均受到辖域内服务对象绝对数量这一因素的影响，但民办养老资源分布对老年人口密度这一指标更为敏感。不同类型的养老资源分散与集聚的空间模式，体现了公共设施供给问题上效率与公平原则之间的对比关系，这是行政与市场力量形塑的结果。     

不同不育系所配杂交水稻组合在单、双株寄栽条件下的秧苗素质分析

通过对不同不育系所配杂交水稻组合在单、双株寄裁条件下的秧苗素质研究，结果表明：Ⅱ-32A所配组合的总根数、白根数、白根率和分蘖性能等指标均较优，特别是白根率高，根系活力和分案能力强，但繁茂性稍差。冈46A所配组合其突出特点是叶面积和苗高占优势，繁茂性好，秧田各时期的于物质积累能力较强，但根系活力稍差，白根率较低。二汕A所配组合的特点是在发根力和根系活力上稍占优势，白报率较高。D汕A所配组合无突出特点。寄款方式对秧苗素质影响很大，主要表现在前期和后期的差异大。前期双株秧稍占优势，但在后期刊单株放的优势很明显。因此，在土壤肥沃，水源充足的地方，为培育壮秧，增加秧龄弹性，应提倡单株寄栽。     

一类自反代数的单元和自同构

讨论了Ｂａｎａｃｈ空间Ｘ中自反代数　的一些性质。指出了在　中非零单元与一秩算子是等价的．特别证明了　的每一自同构都是自动连续的，此外，若Ｘ还是自反的，则　的自同构必是空间的。     

自由电子激光放大实验的准光腔毫米波信号注入器

本文提出了一种用旋转柱形三反射镜准光腔作为自由电子激光放大实验系统的毫米波信号能量注入器主体的注入装置。理论和实验研究表明,该注入器具有模式单一、注入效率高(49.3％)、单向传输性好(定向传输)和有良好的单色性等一系列显著的优点。     

Kinship Strategies and Self-Sufficiency Among Single Mothers by Choice: Post Modern Family Ties

This article discusses findings from an on-going study of 50 single mothers by choice: women aged 21 to 50 when they become mothers, who are self-supporting economically, and who have chosen to become mothers as unmarried women. The interviews include women (both heterosexual and lesbian) who vary widely by race and social class. We argue that this group of women demonstrate ways of maintaining economic self-sufficiency—relying neither on the state nor on a male provider—through creative efforts at networking, resource sharing, and non-economic exchanges. We find that the route the women take to motherhood (adoption, known donor pregnancies, anonymous donor insemination, or accidental pregnancy) has a strong impact on the makeup of specific kin relationships between the mothers, their children, and others; yet all the mothers strategically forge or foster close ties which enable them to raise their children independently.     

蓝黄九市经济-生态-社会的协调发展

通过以蓝黄九市2005—2014的面板数据为基础,运用协同学理论构建蓝黄九市经济-生态-社会协调发展模型,分析蓝黄九市三系统的发展现状及演化过程可以看出,经济、生态、社会三系统之间具有较强的互补作用。2014年青岛市耦合协调度水平最高,德州市最低。除青岛市达到优质协调外,其余城市的协调类型为:日照市、潍坊市、滨州市、淄博市、德州市属经济发展相对滞后型;烟台市属生态发展相对滞后型;威海市、东营市属社会发展相对滞后型。经济系统关键影响因子是GDP等,生态系统关键影响因子是污水集中处理率等,社会系统关键影响因子是公用设施投资等。     

基于深度强化学习的救护车动态重定位调度研究

救护车是挽救患者生命的重要医疗资源,合理调配有限的救护车资源可以降低呼叫响应时间,提高医疗服务水平.本文面向救护车动态重定位调度问题,提出了一种基于强化学习的调度策略结构.为解决传统强化学习所面临的高维状态空间的挑战,本文基于深度Q值网络(DQN)方法,提出了一种考虑多种调度交互因子的算法RedCon-DQN,以在给定环境状态下得到最优的重定位调度策略.在此基础上,本文还提出了急救网络弹性概念,以评估各站点对全局救护优化目标的影响力.最后,基于南京市2016年~2017年的实际救护车呼叫及响应数据,构造了环境交互模拟器.在模拟器中通过大规模数据实验,验证了模型得到的调度策略相比已有方法的优越性,并分析了不同时段下调度策略的有效性及其特点.     

Some heuristic algorithms for total tardiness minimization in a flowshop with blocking

The flowshop scheduling problem with blocking in-process is addressed in this paper. In this environment, there are no buffers between successive machines; therefore intermediate queues of jobs waiting in the system for their next operations are not allowed. Heuristic approaches are proposed to minimize the total tardiness criterion. A constructive heuristic that explores specific characteristics of the problem is presented. Moreover, a GRASP-based heuristic is proposed and coupled with a path relinking strategy to search for better outcomes. Computational tests are presented and the comparisons made with an adaptation of the NEH algorithm and with a branch-and-bound algorithm indicate that the new approaches are promising.     

Parenting stress and behavior among single mothers of preschoolers: The mediating role of self‐efficacy

Abstract

This study examines the role of perceived self‐efficacy in mediating relations between mothers’ parenting behavior and variables such as maternal employment status, depressive symptoms, parenting stress, and child behavior problems. Subjects were 93 employed and 95 nonemployed, single, black mothers of a 3–5‐year‐old child who were current and former welfare recipients. Using linear structural relations modeling (LISREL), the findings support a model whereby (a) the more behavior problems the child is perceived to have, the more depressive symptoms the mother feels; (b) the more depressive symptoms the mother feels, the more likely she is to rate herself high in parenting stress; (c) the more depressive symptoms and parenting stress the mother experiences, the lower is the mother's estimate of her self‐efficacy; and (d) the lower the mother's self‐efficacy, the less competent is her parenting. The findings for employment status are similar; i.e., maternal employment predicted a trajectory leading to somewhat better parenting. In addition, child behavior problems were associated with less competent parenting both directly and indirectly through their effect on parenting stress and self‐efficacy. These results suggest that self‐efficacy has import as a mediator of the relations between maternal parenting and other psychosocial variables. There is no evidence, based on these findings, that employment in the low‐wage market is harmful either for single black mothers or their preschool children. However, job availability and an increase in the minimum wage are important policy considerations.