21世纪前后法国人类学发展趋势研究

法国人类学的产生不是一蹴而就的,而是有着深刻的时代背景和深厚的文化积淀。在世界人类学发展过程中,社会学年鉴学派、结构学派等都曾对世界人类学产生过深远的影响。经过百年曲折发,法国人类学已经发展成为一门独立、较完备、有自己特色的学科,在理论上有许多新创造、新突破和新建树,如今仍以独特的理论体系在世界人类学舞台上发挥着前沿作用,并占有重要地位,得到了学术界和社会的认可。特别是近20年,它的发展、研究规划更加明确,在竞争激烈的世界人类学研究中,稳稳地占据了一席之地。它发展的经验和教训,为中国民族学人类学的当代发展尤其是理论创新和扩展研究思路方面提供了难得的借鉴和启示。     

Contesting racism: how do the black middle-class use cultural consumption for anti-racism?

ABSTRACT

Drawing on interviews with thirty-two black British professionals, and ethnographic work in middle-class cultural spaces across London, this paper asks ‘How do the black middle-class use cultural consumption for anti-racism?’ I argue that the black middle-class contest the racial hierarchy at three levels through their cultural consumption: the material, the ideological, and the symbolic. At the material level, black middle-class people consume cultural forms they decode as ‘white’ in order to establish an equity with whites in levels of cultural capital. At the ideological level, black middle-class people consume cultural forms that uplift meanings and representations of blackness, thus challenging controlling images of blackness. Lastly, at the symbolic level, black middle-class folks create and sustain cultural spaces where black people’s cultural and symbolic knowledge is given proper recognition and authority.     

A Boy’s Journey: Public Sociology for in and Out of the Classroom

This essay is a response to Stein (2019; 2020) and his use of lived experience to tell the story of violence and the Holocaust. I discuss these works’ contributions to public sociology and teaching.     

Sociology and Art: An Interview with Howard S. Becker

This is an interview with Howard S. Becker, and the focus is sociology and art. In this interview, Howard S. Becker talked about many interesting and important topics such as his sociological lineage, his difference with the estheticians Arthur Danto and George Dickie, traditional sociologist of art such as Lukacs and Goldmann, his Tactile Art Group, the universality of his art worlds, Richard A. Peterson and his production of culture perspective, the sociology of “sociology of art” in America, French sociologists of art, and his own art life, and so on.     

Maintenance work: Interrogating the sociology of art

The following article explores the different ways art sociologists investigate art that is based in the participatory arts. The aim is to shift the empirical focus to the art practice, which speaks for itself, and to place the work of the artist and all who cooperate or collaborate in the making of the artwork at the center of sociological analysis. By allowing the artist to speak fully about their work, art sociologists can uncover new social and cultural phenomena and better understand the different motivations underlying art-making. The following literature highlights the recent tendencies in the sociology of art, explores the “social turn” in art and presents different sociologists who focus on the art practice and the art’s voice. For further development of the field, I suggest the sociology of art needs to catch-up with the recent tendencies in art by placing the empirical focus on participatory art practices that will not only give us a better understanding about the intricate actions taking place in the art making, but it will also illuminate new layers of social life that are hidden. To conclude, I suggest that sociologists engage with participatory-based artists to enhance sociology through a public sociology of art.     

A sociology of bullying: Placing youth aggression in social context

In this paper we review the sociological literature on peer aggression among adolescents and demonstrate how it can form the basis of a new subfield in sociology on the subject of bullying. Although sociologists have mostly avoided the term bullying in classic works on adolescent aggression, these studies suggest that institutional social control, status hierarchies and social inequalities provide important social context for youth aggression. While historically they have not been in dialog with each other, when taken together sociological research on youth status relations and social networks, systemic bias, school culture and social ecology can lay the foundation of a sociology of bullying. We suggest that if sociologists see this work as shedding light on issues of bullying, they can begin to play a larger role in the shaping of the national conversation on bullying and influence anti-bullying programs in schools to take better account of the social dimensions of bullying.     

“燕京学派”的知识社会学思想及其应用：围绕吴文藻、费孝通、李安宅展开的比较研究

本文比较了吴文藻、费孝通和李安宅对知识社会学的引介与消化,以及在此指导下的经验研究,基于此尝试论证三人分别开拓了三种知识社会学的经验研究路径。吴氏以曼海姆的知识社会学为主要依据,主张知识与知识人受限于社会本体论,走向实践改造社会的国家主义。费氏一直到1950年代之前似乎在曼海姆与韦伯之间摇摆;到晚年则尝试从新儒家出发,提出社会科学应借鉴诠释学,关注“心”的问题,从而重新接近张东荪的知识社会学。李氏原先引介曼海姆最积极,后来转向吸收张东荪的思想而走向韦伯,认为应该更全面地考察整个知识系统在社会中沉淀的不同层面。通过上述比较,文章尝试指出,社区研究可能需要与知识社会学结合,才能将我们对国家与社会的理解推至更深处。     

纯粹社会学:社会学的科学革命及其范式构建——布莱克的方法论追求与理论逻辑

社会学的“科学革命”是唐纳德·布菜克纯粹社会学方法论上的核心追求.他认为传统社会学包含了意识形态、目的论、心理学以及人的因素,并没有真正实现社会学作为一门实证科学的学科承诺,必须对其进行“纯粹化”创新,从而构建一门真正“科学”的社会学.纯粹社会学理论范式的构建是基于新的认识论、方法论,并建立在广泛而深入的经验研究基础之上.其对法律的分析所形成的纯粹法社会学,是纯粹社会学理论的最重要的学术实践,也是被学界所公认的经典理论.从西方理性主义和实证主义的脉络来看,纯粹社会学有着深厚学术传统,并有一套独特的解释逻辑,但由于对社会学科学性的片面强调,其缺陷也非常明显.     

流浪乞讨人员救助管理制度的实践社会学分析——以北京市C救助站为例

基于对北京市C救助站的个案调查,以实践社会学为理论指导,比较分析我国救助管理制度的核心理念从"收容"转向"救助"的转变,尤其对实施过程中的实践逻辑进行了深入探究。研究认为,救助管理制度在运行中,其实践逻辑发生了偏误。要完善救助管理制度,不仅要充分调动社会救助主体的积极性,加强部门合作,而且要从理念上升为行动,确保制度的执行。     

余天休社会学思想探析

余天休是中国社会学学科初创时期的重要人物之一.1922年他组织创立了中国第一个全国性的社会学学术团体——“中国社会学会”,创办了中国历史上第一份社会学学术研究刊物——《社会学杂志》,发表了大量社会学方面的文章,提出“移民殖边,复兴西北”等社会学思想.余天休心系民族复兴,以实现中国近代化为抱负,为中国早期社会学学科建设做出了重要贡献.