全球化背景下政党软实力的建构机制

政党是协调社会利益、表达民众诉求、引领国家进步的关键力量。全球化背景下,政党必须在做好硬实力建设的同时,注重自身软实力建设。政党软实力主要包括价值观、包容性、亲和力、号召力和国际影响力等方面。世界各大政党在软实力建构过程中积累了许多有益经验,值得思考和借鉴。我们党应当重视软实力建设,不断提高组织吸引力、社会号召力和国际影响力,从而在国内争取最广大人民群众的拥护,在国际上争取更多政治力量的认同。     

浅析提高文化软实力的途径与意义——对葛兰西、哈贝马斯、阿尔都塞相关理论的借鉴

党的十七大提出了提高文化软实力的任务,如何提高,从何处着手仍是有待解决的问题。西方马克思主义学者,如葛兰西、哈贝马斯、阿尔都塞对文化的作用都特别重视,但各自的侧重点不同。葛兰西特别强调“文化霸权”,哈贝马斯强调公共领域对文化影响力的重要意义,阿尔都塞则提出了意识形态国家机器的概念,强调教育的重要作用。从中我们可以得到关于文化建设的有益启示。文化建设意在提高文化软实力,而文化软实力提高的重要意义在于能够促进社会主义民主的发展。     

国家中心城市文化软实力评价研究——以港京沪津穗城市为例

城市文化软实力是城市综合竞争力巨系统下的子系统,由文化核心价值水平、城市制度健全程度、城市政府管理效率及创新、城市国际化水平、城市文化中心影响力等指标组成。本文对港京沪津穗五大国家中心城市的文化软实力进行了分析,并就城市如何提升文化软实力提出了建议。     

城市公共艺术与文化软实力的对接关系研究——以广州为例

文化软实力是一个国家除军事经济之外让别人主动接近的吸引力,城市公共艺术也是一种与大众有亲缘关系的艺术形态。某种程度上说,城市公共艺术是文化软实力在艺术领域的一种显象。广州城市公共艺术在器物层、行为层、制度层诠释了文化软实力的静态和动态的维度。     

中国P2P网络借贷信用风险的测量

分析中国P2P网络借贷信用风险的生成机理,借鉴商业银行典型个人信用风险测量理论基础与方法,构建基于涵盖借款人软信息的P2P网络借贷信用风险评级指标体系。通过向在银行从事信贷工作的专业人员发放调查问卷,确定具体指标,使用AHP(层次分析法)与DEMATEL(决策实验室法)相结合的方法综合确定指标体系权重,最后评级结果以百分制数值给出,并换算成具体的信用等级,有效解决了平台对借款人信用等级测量问题。     

Labor Market Disparities Between African Americans and Afro Caribbeans: Reexamining the Role of Immigrant Selectivity

Black immigrants from the Caribbean have long attained greater labor market success than African Americans. The most recent studies show that Afro Caribbeans have earnings that are approximately 16% greater than African Americans and that Afro Caribbeans are as much as 21% more likely to be employed than African Americans. The most prominent explanation for greater Afro Caribbean success is that, because they have chosen to migrate, Afro Caribbeans are positively self‐selected on characteristics that are key for success in the U.S. labor market. Proponents of immigrant selectivity argue that migrants have greater levels of both hard and soft skills than nonmigrants. Using data from the National Survey of American Life—the first social survey to provide a nationally representative sample of both African Americans and Afro Caribbeans—this study finds that Afro Caribbeans have greater hard skills than African Americans but split the difference on two measures of soft skills: African Americans and Afro Caribbeans are matched on John Henryism, but African Americans have greater personal mastery than Afro Caribbeans. Contrary to expectations, controlling for differences in hard and soft skills does not provide for a meaningful reduction in labor market disparities between African Americans and Afro Caribbeans.     

Risk Assessment of Human Listeriosis from Semisoft Cheeses Made from Raw Sheep's Milk in Lazio and Tuscany (Italy)

Semisoft cheese made from raw sheep's milk is traditionally and economically important in southern Europe. However, raw milk cheese is also a known vehicle of human listeriosis and contamination of sheep cheese with Listeria monocytogenes has been reported. In the present study, we have developed and applied a quantitative risk assessment model, based on available evidence and challenge testing, to estimate risk of invasive listeriosis due to consumption of an artisanal sheep cheese made with raw milk collected from a single flock in central Italy. In the model, contamination of milk may originate from the farm environment or from mastitic animals, with potential growth of the pathogen in bulk milk and during cheese ripening. Based on the 48‐day challenge test of a local semisoft raw sheep's milk cheese we found limited growth only during the initial phase of ripening (24 hours) and no growth or limited decline during the following ripening period. In our simulation, in the baseline scenario, 2.2% of cheese servings are estimated to have at least 1 colony forming unit (CFU) per gram. Of these, 15.1% would be above the current E.U. limit of 100 CFU/g (5.2% would exceed 1,000 CFU/g). Risk of invasive listeriosis per random serving is estimated in the 10^?12 range (mean) for healthy adults, and in the 10^?10 range (mean) for vulnerable populations. When small flocks (10–36 animals) are combined with the presence of a sheep with undetected subclinical mastitis, risk of listeriosis increases and such flocks may represent a public health risk.     

从提升文化软实力视角探析绿色节能校园的创建

本文从提升高校文化软实力的角度出发,阐述绿色节能校园建设与高校文化软实力之间的关系。     

智库建设的困境摆脱与国家软实力提升

智库是国家软实力的重要体现。改革开放以来,国家软实力的提升为智库建设的机制创新创造了有利条件。但在新时期新的历史条件下,由于体制内官方智库的非自主性、体制外智库发展的滞后性、智库设置和定位的模糊化、智库建设和发展的保障不足等仍影响着国家软实力的提升。不断加强官方智库建设,高度重视半官方智库建设,加大民间智库的扶持力度,引导大学附属型智库的积极发展,建立各类智库的互动合作机制,是我国进一步提升国家软实力的必由之路。     

城市文化软实力构建的“网都”范式

当前全球数字网络化的发展浪潮和历史背景下,"网都"型文化中心城市建设成为转变城市文化发展方式、提升城市文化软实力的新的战略路径和城市设计愿景。城市发展的"网都"形态具有多元文化范式,要根据不同城市的特点和文化基础,推进网络媒介城市(media city)、网络文化产业高地、网络文化名城、互联网总部基地、文化科技融合的创新引领中心、网络文化宜居之都、互联网枢纽城市等不同类型的"网都"建设。不同的网都范型(paradigm)关切到城市文化软实力的不同层面,存在着从硬文化实力向软文化实力的渐变和过渡谱系;既可以单独构建特色网络文化城市的核心性格与差异化竞争力,也可以综合构建城市文化软实力的体系化架构。