Approximation of density functions by orthogonal series with grouped data

Summary Letg(x) andf(x) be continuous density function on (a, b) and let {ϕ_j} be a complete orthonormal sequence of functions onL ₂(g), which is the set of squared integrable functions weighted byg on (a, b). Suppose that over (a, b). Given a grouped sample of sizen fromf(x), the paper investigates the asymptotic properties of the restricted maximum likelihood estimator of density, obtained by setting all but the firstm of the ϑ_j’s equal to0. Practical suggestions are given for performing estimation via the use of Fourier and Legendre polynomial series. Research partially supported by: CNR grant, n. 93. 00837. CT10.     

A simple,automatic and adaptive bivariate density estimator based on conditional densities

The standard approach to non-parametric bivariate density estimation is to use a kernel density estimator. Practical performance of this estimator is hindered by the fact that the estimator is not adaptive (in the sense that the level of smoothing is not sensitive to local properties of the density). In this paper a simple, automatic and adaptive bivariate density estimator is proposed based on the estimation of marginal and conditional densities. Asymptotic properties of the estimator are examined, and guidance to practical application of the method is given. Application to two examples illustrates the usefulness of the estimator as an exploratory tool, particularly in situations where the local behaviour of the density varies widely. The proposed estimator is also appropriate for use as a pilot estimate for an adaptive kernel estimate, since it is relatively inexpensive to calculate.     

多元正态分布广义方差区间估计的改进

讨论了多元正态分布广义方差的区间估计问题,给出了在覆盖率及长度上均优于最优仿射同变区间估计的改进估计．     

Estimation from Zero-Failure Data

When performing quantitative (or probabilistic) risk assessments, it is often the case that data for many of the potential events in question are sparse or nonexistent. Some of these events may be well-represented by the binomial probability distribution. In this paper, a model for predicting the binomial failure probability, P , from data that include no failures is examined. A review of the literature indicates that the use of this model is currently limited to risk analysis of energetic initiation in the explosives testing field. The basis for the model is discussed, and the behavior of the model relative to other models developed for the same purpose is investigated. It is found that the qualitative behavior of the model is very similar to that of the other models, and for larger values of n (the number of trials), the predicted P values varied by a factor of about eight among the five models examined. Analysis revealed that the estimator is nearly identical to the median of a Bayesian posterior distribution, derived using a uniform prior. An explanation of the application of the estimator in explosives testing is provided, and comments are offered regarding the use of the estimator versus other possible techniques.     

出口二元边际、行业异质性与劳动生产率

基于行业异质性视角,文章主要考察出口二元边际对劳动生产率的影响.利用UN Comtrade数据库,采用HK指数法测度中国出口深度边际和出口广度边际,发现中国出口产品种类基本覆盖了世界全部种类的90％.进一步地,借助聚类分析方法综合多种因素区分行业劳动技能异质性,出口二元边际与劳动生产率关系的实证结果显示:总体上出口深度边际显著推动劳动生产率提高,出口广度边际对劳动生产率产生抑制作用.更为重要的是,出口深度边际对劳动生产率的促进作用仅存在于高技能行业,受限于行业产品技术含量和劳动技能水平等,低技能和中等技能行业出口深度边际出现贫困化增长现象.出口种类扩张的生产率损失超过出口溢出效应的生产率收益,出口广度边际对高中低技能行业劳动生产率具有不同程度的负向影响.     

企业孵化器绩效评价研究综述

国外主要是通过大量调查,对BI运行的效果进行研究。这种研究,取得了大量资料,获得了很多有用信息,便于明确政府的政策效果,明确BI的价值与意义。其不足主要表现在理论研究薄弱和系统研究缺乏。国内有关BI的绩效研究涉及了BI发展的许多问题,范围较宽,得到了许多相关BI绩效评价理论与方法的积累,但由于其延用了西方的理论与方法,因而同样存在经验描述多,理论探索少,缺乏系统的理论支撑及相关的绩效评价方法与指标体系。     

青海话中的词缀"头"

青海话中的词缀“头”除了有与汉语普通话词缀“头”相同的特点外,还能够放在动词词根和形容词词根语素的后面,构成一个新的名词,表示某事是否值得做或必要性的主观评价,也可以指对象或状态;这种方式构成的名词是一个开放的系统,只存在于具体语境之中。文章还进一步探讨了这种用法的起源,并与其它方言中的词缀“头”作了对比分析。     

基于重大偏差标准的软件项目工作量管理方法研究

为有效管理软件项目工作量,本文研究了一个基于重大偏差标准的软件项目工作量管理模型。该模型利用过程控制的原理和数理统计的方法,提出依据重大偏差标准和风险储备时间对软件项目进行动态控制,并介绍了风险储备时间与重大偏差标准的定量设置方法。该模型涵盖了从风险储备时间的确定,到重大偏差标准的提出,再根据风险储备时间和重大偏差标准进行监控的整个过程。为提高软件项目管理精度,保证项目在可接受的偏差范围内顺利完成打下坚实的基础。     

保鲜投入影响需求的社区生鲜O2O模式选择与协调研究

在由一个生鲜电商和社区零售店组成的生鲜O2O供应链中,生鲜电商可选择批发模式或佣金模式与社区零售店进行合作。本文考虑价格、保鲜投入水平和增值服务水平影响生鲜农产品需求,分别构建批发模式与佣金模式下的供应链博弈模型,分析了不同模式下新鲜度敏感系数对供应链最优决策的影响,探究了生鲜电商的最优合作模式选择问题。针对生鲜电商和零售店可实现合作模式改善的情形,设计了转移支付契约,分析了合作模式改善对定价、服务和保鲜策略的影响。研究表明,当佣金率低于(高于)1/2时,若保鲜效率较低,生鲜电商选择佣金(批发)模式,若保鲜效率较高,生鲜电商选择批发(佣金)模式。当保鲜效率很低且服务效率相对较高时,零售店总是更偏好佣金模式,但其要求的佣金率不宜过高,否则生鲜电商会选择对其次优的批发模式。当保鲜效率和服务效率都较低时,合作模式的改善不仅能实现供应链成员利润改善,还可以使消费者以低价买到优质的生鲜农产品,增加消费者剩余。