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21.
V.P. Kultygin 《International Journal of Social Welfare》1993,2(3):142-149
The article describes the socioeconomic situation of the Russian population and its dynamics in 1992. The analysis is based on series of regional sociological surveys led by the All-Russian Living Standards Research Center and on official Russian statistical data. The basic unit of analysis is the family, and hence family typology approbated both in research and in practical social work is introduced. Besides describing and discussing the growing poverty tendencies in contemporary Russia, the article also contains methodological recommendations for social policy bodies and social workers on the strategy of work in social maintenance and social support of the least secure population strata. 相似文献
22.
Making ends meet: perceptions of poverty in Sweden 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
B. Halleröd 《International Journal of Social Welfare》1995,4(3):174-189
During the era after the Second World War, Sweden has built a welfare system based on labor market participation and income maintenance. Low unemployment and decent wages are supposed to guarantee people a labor market income or income maintenance, which in turn should provide a proper standard for everyone. However, a rapid increase in unemployment and economic problems have made the future of the Swedish welfare state more uncertain than ever. These circumstances have, among other things, led to the suggestion that Sweden should abandon the income maintenance policy and create a social policy system with the more limited ambition of guaranteeing everyone a minimum income. In that case, one central question must be answered: what constitutes a decent minimum income in today's Sweden? Where should we draw the poverty line under which people will not be forced to live? These questions are central in the current debate. The consensual poverty line method is used in this article to derive a poverty line relevant for today's Sweden. The results shows that more than every fifth household has an income below the consensual poverty line. That is, they have an income that most Swedes would argue is too low to make ends meet. The level of the consensual poverty line was compared with the National Board of Health and Welfare's guidelines for social assistance. The consensual poverty line was shown to be more generous to small households and the norm for social assistance was more generous to larger households. Finally, the expenditure for guaranteeing all Swedish household a minimum income equal to the consensual poverty line was estimated: more than SEK 25 billion per year. The results in the article casts serious doubt on the ability of the Swedish welfare state to secure a decent income to all citizens. 相似文献
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24.
Sherman Hanna Sharon DeVaney Allen Martin 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》1996,17(3-4):297-311
A computer simulation game designed to give students insights into family time use concepts has been used in an introductory family resource management class at Ohio State University and other universities. The game allows for planning for time use changes over the family life cycle. The game can give students insights into economic and sociological models of time use. It is possible that future versions of the game could be used in family counseling.His research interests include derivation of optimal decision-making rules for families and family financial management.Her research interests include financial management over the life course including financial ratios, baby boomers, and retirement. She received her Ph.D. in 1993 from The Ohio State University in Family Resource Management.His research interests include the time trade-offs made between couples, financial planning over the life cycle, and the interaction of time and money between families and their home-based businesses. He received his Ph.D. in 1993 from The Ohio State University in Family Resource Management. 相似文献
25.
Dynamic reliability models with conditional proportional hazards 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A dynamic approach to the stochastic modelling of reliability systems is further explored. This modelling approach is particularly appropriate for load-sharing, software reliability, and multivariate failure-time models, where component failure characteristics are affected by their degree of use, amount of load, or extent of stresses experienced. This approach incorporates the intuitive notion that when a set of components in a coherent system fail at a certain time, there is a jump from one structure function to another which governs the residual lifetimes of the remaining functioning components, and since the component lifetimes are intrinsically affected by the structure function which they constitute, then at such a failure time there should also be a jump in the stochastic structure of the lifetimes of the remaining components. For such dynamically-modelled systems, the stochastic characteristics of their jump times are studied. These properties of the jump times allow us to obtain the properties of the lifetime of the system. In particular, for a Markov dynamic model, specific expressions for the exact distribution functions of the jump times are obtained for a general coherent system, a parallel system, and a series-parallel system. We derive a new family of distribution functions which describes the distributions of the jump times for a dynamically-modelled system. 相似文献
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27.
张静 《淮海工学院学报(社会科学版)》2012,10(9):54-56
为了迎合财务会计的需求,软件公司开发了不少带有逆向操作功能的软件,虽然在使用中对更正会计差错、减少系统数据冗余和提高工作质量等起到了一定的作用,但同样也给财务会计系统的安全带来了威胁。这里在简略介绍会计核算软件逆向操作内涵和功能作用的基础上,针对其可能产生的隐患和危害等进行了分析,并针对其弊端和可能的风险提出了防范性完善措施。 相似文献
28.
要提升我国软件产业的竞争力,研究其影响因素是非常重要的课题。本文首先对产业竞争力的概念、产业竞争力影响模型以及软件产业竞争力的研究进行简要回顾,然后详细探讨了软件产业竞争的特点,在此基础上构建了我国软件产业国际竞争力影响因素模型,接着对模型中的各个要素,如政府的作用、人力资源、产业组织、产业价值链、企业管理等进行了深入的分析,最后对各个要素的相互关系进行了初步论述。 相似文献
29.
研究了碎纸片的拼接复原问题,建立了合理有效的碎纸片拼接复原的数学模型;给出了数学软件实现自动拼接的具体算法;结合人工拼接得出复原图片;最后,对所给的拼接方法提出了改进方向. 相似文献
30.
Use of multiple cluster analysis methods to explore the validity of a community outcomes concept map
Concept mapping is now a commonly-used technique for articulating and evaluating programmatic outcomes. However, research regarding validity of knowledge and outcomes produced with concept mapping is sparse. The current study describes quantitative validity analyses using a concept mapping dataset. We sought to increase the validity of concept mapping evaluation results by running multiple cluster analysis methods and then using several metrics to choose from among solutions. We present four different clustering methods based on analyses using the R statistical software package: partitioning around medoids (PAM), fuzzy analysis (FANNY), agglomerative nesting (AGNES) and divisive analysis (DIANA). We then used the Dunn and Davies-Bouldin indices to assist in choosing a valid cluster solution for a concept mapping outcomes evaluation. We conclude that the validity of the outcomes map is high, based on the analyses described. Finally, we discuss areas for further concept mapping methods research. 相似文献