重庆市县域商品房价格时空变化特征研究——基于空间统计分析法

以2005—2015年重庆市38个区（县）商品房价格数据为样本,利用空间自相关等空间统计分析方法对重庆市县域商品房价格的空间分布和时空演变特征进行研究。研究结果表明：渝东北地区商品房价格稳定性相对最好,渝西地区次之,渝东南地区再次之,主城区商品房价格稳定性最差;重庆市商品房价格具有较强的空间集聚性,但随着时间的推移,空间集聚性逐渐减弱,商品房价格空间差异逐渐缩小;重庆市商品房价格区域差异呈现明显的空间二元结构,房地产发展热点区域主要集中于主城九区,远郊区县的房地产发展相对缓慢。     

区域一体化背景下城市土地利用效率的空间关联及其解释——以长江中游城市群为例

从理论层面揭示区域一体化影响城市土地利用效率（ULUE）的内在机理,构建区域一体化背景下“规模+结构+集聚”的ULUE测度体系,并综合利用小波神经网络、空间分异模型和空间回归分析探索2003-2015年长江中游城市群ULUE的空间关联特征及其影响因素。结果发现：①区域一体化背景下长江中游城市群ULUE从2003的0.561 4增长至2015年的0.811 1,且呈现出明显的区域差异。②ULUE并非随机分布,而是具有空间上的关联特征和集群趋势。且由于不同集聚区内扩散效应在空间上渗透不均衡,其关联性主要表现为空间依赖性和空间异质性。③区域一体化背景下长江中游城市群ULUE在空间关联上具有“近水楼台先得月”和“门当户对”的特征,地理位置的空间相邻、投资消费结构和产业结构的相似是其空间关联的主要成因。     

长江经济带旅游业碳排放强度的时空演变及其影响因素

文章通过利用长江经济带11个省市2010—2019年旅游业面板数据测算其旅游业碳排放强度,借助SDM模型,探究旅游业碳排放强度的时空演变及影响因素。结果表明:旅游业碳排放强度整体明显降低,其中以云南省、四川省和贵州省的碳排放强度下降幅度最大;碳排放强度在研究时期向着较高碳排放强度区域集中在中游地区的趋势发展,呈现碳排放强度“中间高,两侧低”的空间格局;产业结构与贸易依赖水平的间接效应和总效应分别表现出显著的抑制、促进效应,表明产业结构优化显著促进本地及相邻地区的旅游业碳排放强度下降,而贸易依赖水平提升效果相反。最后,文章对所得结论提出建议,旨在为旅游业实现低碳科学发展提供决策参考。     

金融发展与区域创新的交互影响

基于2008—2017年长三角地区41个地级市的数据,通过构建联立方程模型,考察金融发展与区域创新之间的交互影响,探讨两者的空间溢出效应与地区交互影响。研究发现：金融发展对区域创新的正向促进作用不受时间跨度影响,但区域创新对金融发展的影响存在时间跨度异质性,短期内区域创新对金融发展影响不确定,而长期内区域创新反向促进金融发展,忽略这种反向影响会显著高估金融发展对区域创新的促进作用;区域创新与金融发展均存在正向空间外溢性,临近地区金融发展促进本地区的区域创新,但临近地区区域创新对本地区的金融发展作用并不显著。金融发展与区域创新应当融合联动,互利共生,实现双赢。     

Development of an Asset Value Map for Disaster Risk Assessment in China by Spatial Disaggregation Using Ancillary Remote Sensing Data

The extent of economic losses due to a natural hazard and disaster depends largely on the spatial distribution of asset values in relation to the hazard intensity distribution within the affected area. Given that statistical data on asset value are collected by administrative units in China, generating spatially explicit asset exposure maps remains a key challenge for rapid postdisaster economic loss assessment. The goal of this study is to introduce a top‐down (or downscaling) approach to disaggregate administrative‐unit level asset value to grid‐cell level. To do so, finding the highly correlated “surrogate” indicators is the key. A combination of three data sets—nighttime light grid, LandScan population grid, and road density grid, is used as ancillary asset density distribution information for spatializing the asset value. As a result, a high spatial resolution asset value map of China for 2015 is generated. The spatial data set contains aggregated economic value at risk at 30 arc‐second spatial resolution. Accuracy of the spatial disaggregation reflects redistribution errors introduced by the disaggregation process as well as errors from the original ancillary data sets. The overall accuracy of the results proves to be promising. The example of using the developed disaggregated asset value map in exposure assessment of watersheds demonstrates that the data set offers immense analytical flexibility for overlay analysis according to the hazard extent. This product will help current efforts to analyze spatial characteristics of exposure and to uncover the contributions of both physical and social drivers of natural hazard and disaster across space and time.     

金融集聚、生产率增长与城乡收入差距的实证分析——基于动态空间面板模型

本文利用中国2003-2013年285个地级及以上城市的统计数据,采用动态空间面板模型实证分析了金融集聚对城市总体生产率增长及其内部城乡收入差距的影响,研究结论表明：金融集聚是促进城市总体生产率增长的重要推动力,同时也是导致城市内部城乡收入差距扩大的关键因素,这主要是因为金融集聚显著推动了城市居民人均收入水平的提高,而对农村居民人均收入水平的提升作用不显著。本文的政策含义在于,在城市金融集聚的扩散阶段还没有到来之前,政府旨在缓解城乡收入差距的金融政策可能会抑制城市总体生产率增长。     

Spatial approaches to measure subnational inequality: Implications for Sustainable Development Goals

The United Nations expressed an interest in reducing subnational (i.e., province and state level) inequality. We propose using a spatial decomposition of the Gini coefficient (SDGC) to track changes in subnational inequality. Typically, agencies do not track summary measures of subnational clustering of development indicators. Tracking changes in the SDGC can help measure and reduce regional inequality. To illustrate the use of the SDGC, we first present data for 93 nations to obtain cross‐sectional variation. Next, to illustrate how the SDGC trends over time, changes in the Human Development Index in Mongolia are compared to Russia and China. The SDGC can show improvement, decline and persistent clustering of subnational level inequality. The SDGC is a useful measure for the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals.     

Doing gender in the ‘new office’

This paper investigates how gender is performed in the context of an office setting designed to promote intensive, fluid networking. We draw on an ethnographically oriented study of the move of staff into a new office building constructed primarily from glass, and incorporating open plan offices, diverse collective areas and walking routes. Although the designers aimed to invoke changes in the behaviour of all staff, they conceptualized these changes in masculine terms. We therefore analyse the gender norms materialized by the workspaces of the ‘new office’ and how women responded to these. We suggest that the new office encourages an image of the ideal worker which brings together ways of acting and interacting that have been characterized as both masculine and feminine — active movement and spontaneous encounters, but also intensive face‐to‐face interaction and deep relationship‐building. Women are driven into this mode of working in an uncompromising, almost aggressive way, but a straightforward gender‐based dynamic does not emerge in their responses, with conventional gender characteristics being reshuffled and recombined.     

Testing spatial randomness based on empirical distribution function: A study on lattice data

In this article, we extended the empirical distribution function based test statistic _Ik$I_k$ of Skaug and Tjostheim [1993. Nonparametric test of serial independence based on the empirical distribution function. Biometrika 80, 591–602] in the time series setting to _Dn$D_n$ for spatial lattice data and derived the asymptotic distribution of the proposed test statistic _Dn$D_n$ under the null hypothesis of spatial independence. The size and power of the proposed test statistic under conditional autoregressive model (CAR) were simulated. We applied _Dn$D_n$, Moran's I and Geary's c   to the transformed and well-studied sudden infant death syndrome data from North Carolina and found that _Dn$D_n$ produced a much smaller p$p$-value in testing spatial independence.     

空间相互作用与城市经济增长--来自长三角的证据

基于以往研究对空间相互作用方向性考虑不足的事实,文章以长三角133个县市为例,构建了融合新经济地理学与中心地理论的理论框架,将表征空间需求关联的总体市场潜能细分为来自同层级、高等级、低等级三个方向,利用空间计量模型估计了总体及不同方向的空间相互作用对长三角地区人均GDP增长与人口增长的效应。结果显示：在控制空间依赖导致的间接溢出效应等因素后,并未发现存在要素价格绝对调整或要素数量绝对调整的证据,总体市场潜能的提高同时促进了城市人均GDP增长与人口增长;就不同方向的空间相互作用而言,大城市的自身发展有利于中等城市的人均GDP增长,大城市之间、大城市对下级城市、小城市对上级城市形成了人口增长的良性互动格局,而中等城市之间以及中等城市对大城市的人口增长则表现为回流效应。