公民教育：现代思想政治教育的新思路

在现代化进程中,随着公民教育的产生与思想政治教育的转型,加强公民教育成为社会主义民主政治建设的一项基础工程,是现代政治民主化和现代思想政治教育发展的内在必然,也是科学发展观的根本要求。公民教育契合了现代思想政治教育的核心价值,是现代思想政治教育理念创新、内容拓展、功能优化的新思路。     

一类组合计数问题

考察了满足一定限制条件的长度为ｎ具有ｍ个水平的数列计数问题，给出了它们的递归式和显表达式；改进了钥匙编码组合计数中的一个结果并得到几个组合恒等式     

Generating Probabilistic Spatially-Explicit Individual and Population Exposure Estimates for Ecological Risk Assessments

Exposure to chemical contaminants in various media must be estimated when performing ecological risk assessments. Exposure estimates are often based on the 95th-percentile upper confidence limit on the mean concentration of all samples, calculated without regard to critical ecological and spatial information about the relative relationship of receptors, their habitats, and contaminants. This practice produces exposure estimates that are potentially unrepresentative of the ecology of the receptor. This article proposes a habitat area and quality-conditioned exposure estimator, E[HQ], that requires consideration of these relationships. It describes a spatially explicit ecological exposure model to facilitate calculation of E[HQ]. The model provides (1) a flexible platform for investigating the effect of changes in habitat area, habitat quality, foraging area, and population size on exposure estimates, and (2) a tool for calculating E[HQ] for use in actual risk assessments. The inner loop of a Visual Basic program randomly walks a receptor over a multicelled landscape--each cell of which contains values for cell area, habitat area, habitat quality, and concentration--accumulating an exposure estimate until the total area foraged is less than or equal to a given foraging area. An outer loop then steps through foraging areas of increasing size. This program is iterated by Monte Carlo software, with the number of iterations representing the population size. Results indicate that (1) any single estimator may over- or underestimate exposure, depending on foraging strategy and spatial relationships of habitat and contamination, and (2) changes in exposure estimates in response to changes in foraging and habitat area are not linear.     

基于心理契约的基金经理激励机制分类设计

已有的基金经理激励机制研究多假定激励对象的心理和需求是同质的,忽视了对基金经理异质性特征的分析。这与实际的经济活动并不相符合。本文通过建立数学模型,将心理契约理论引入基金经理激励问题研究。结果表明,在信息对称条件下,即基金经理的不同心理需求能够被辨别时,应依据其心理契约类型,分类设计激励机制;在信息非对称条件下,即基金经理的不同心理需求无法被辨别时,应依据基金经理特征,如风险厌恶程度、工作成本、投资能力,及其所管理基金的风险大小和外部市场环境的变化方向,分类设计激励机制。并且,在多代理人环境下,基金经理间的合作程度也将对激励机制设计产生影响。本研究不仅是对已有基金经理激励机制研究的拓展与完善,使之更接近现实,也从心理契约视角为解决基金经理激励问题提供了新思路。     

职场排斥对员工亲组织性非伦理行为的影响机制研究

员工在工作场所从事非伦理行为具有多方面的原因,可能是有利于自己,也可能是为了报复或伤害组织和同事。根据这一逻辑,已有研究就职场排斥诱发的员工非伦理行为都是建立在利己动机的假设基础之上,而对于员工的利组织动机的非伦理行为研究不足。实际上,面对职场排斥,员工很可能采取积极的补救措施对人际关系进行主动修复,其中从事亲组织性质的非伦理行为就是一个重要的修复行为。基于道德自我调节理论和社会认同理论的视角,以道德推脱为中介变量,以组织认同为调节变量,检验职场排斥对员工亲组织性非伦理行为的内在影响机理。采用SPSS 18.0和AMOS 18.0进行多元线性回归和验证性因子分析,通过上下级配对调查的方式,收集来自武汉和上海5家企业的调研数据,并进行实证分析。研究结果表明,(1)职场排斥对员工的亲组织性非伦理行为具有显著的正向影响;(2)道德推脱在职场排斥与亲组织性非伦理行为的关系中发挥完全中介作用;(3)组织认同在职场排斥与道德推脱的关系中发挥正向调节作用;(4)组织认同在职场排斥与亲组织性非伦理行为的关系中发挥正向调节效应。通过实证研究证实了理论界较为忽视的亲组织性非伦理行为,检验了员工亲组织性非伦理行为的发生机制和高度的组织认同的调节效应,证明员工在遭遇职场排斥时通过亲组织性非伦理行为来应对是一个重要的理性选择,组织认同度较高的员工在面对职场排斥时更容易发生道德推脱问题和亲组织性非伦理行为,验证了组织认同的"阴暗面"。研究结论为组织对员工非伦理行为的权变管理提供了有益的启示,提醒管理者警惕职场排斥的原因及其负面影响,并建立科学的组织制度,鼓励高组织认同的员工采取符合伦理规范的行为回报组织。     

基于多层主成分分析的企业竞争力评价

企业竞争力评价方法一直是理论界和实务界的研究热点,也涌现出众多研究成果,但这些方法在操作过程中都存在一定的局限性。在已有研究成果基础上,将多层主成分分析引入10家样本企业的相关指标数据进行评测,发现该方法有其他方法不具有的优势:较客观地确定指标的权值、有利于进行企业间的比较、能有效解决指标多和样本少的矛盾。     

技术创新的社会文化功能解析

技术创新作为一种整合科学、技术、知识与经济等要素的人类实践活动,不但在社会经济系统的变迁上显示了积极的推动作用,而且通过其特有的活动方式作用于社会文化系统,改变着社会物质文化、制度文化、精神文化的面貌.根据默顿的显功能和潜功能的划分,透过技术创新的文化视野,对技术创新所具有的丰富社会文化内涵、实现文化创新的显功能,消解社会文化边界的正面潜功能,引发社会文化危机的负面潜功能进行了全面解析 ,不但有利于全面认识技术创新的功能作用,而且对建立一种新的技术创新文化观也具有重要意义.     

0-4岁婴幼儿IToM测量范式的偏失与匡正

不同于先准确清晰界定概念、结构而后开发测验的逻辑,IToM是根据一系列间接读心测量任务而提出,这种测量先行的逻辑自提出以来便遭受合理性质疑。IToM测量可以分成VoE、AL和IB三类范式。它们存在合理性有待辩护、效度有待检验、量化差异鉴别能力有待开发、生态效度有待增强、实验结果解释有待排除竞争假设五种困境。困境的改善可依赖于以下对策： 开发IToM等距量表并以此为基确证IToM测量范式的效度; 增强IToM测量范式的真实性;通过完善IToM测量范式排除竞争假设,并以此辩护IToM的合理性。     

SOFTWARE REVIEWS

ABSTRACT

This report outlines the components of wiki technology and its possible applications in the human services. Wikis have the potential to manage the detailed internal and external information and knowledge that is ubiquitous in the human services. For example, a wiki would be an ideal tool to store the knowledge of how things actually work in agencies with high staff turnover or many retiring of baby boomers. Wikis offer the opportunity for veteran staff to disseminate their expertise by hyperlinking knowledge about a certain operation to other operations or procedures. Furthermore, since wikis can be updated by all users, the knowledge can be easily and instantly updated as the human services environment changes. Wikis also offer the capacity to track and manage user changes. The report describes a specific external wiki application for capturing and disseminating community referral information.     

Appetitive and impulsive: Examining alcohol use via the motivational and self-control systems

This study examines how trait differences in the appetitive and defensive systems and how automatic, impulsive and deliberate, reflective responses to alcohol cues predict overall alcohol use. By utilizing a measure of trait motivational activation and measures of implicit and explicit attitudes toward alcohol that indicate the self-control system – impulsive vs. reflective – that determines behavior, this research demonstrates that higher trait appetitive system activity, ASA, and positive impulsive/implicit alcohol attitudes independently predict alcohol use, while trait defensive system activation, DSA, and explicit attitudes toward alcohol did not independently predict use.