中华多民族文学史观下中国文学史之结构

中国文学的“显在的样式”包括各民族文学不同的表达形式、语种、文学样式、不同的传播介质。中国文学的多民族特征表现出“独享”向“群体共享”的发展趋向和复杂的“独享”、“群体共享”与“部分共享”并存的多重特性。中国文学的“隐性式样”则是制约和影响中国文学精神形成与文学发展历史轨迹的各民族复杂的文化形态和关系。传统文学史写作中线性的历史时序,忽视了共时性的历史空间各民族文学间的影响和融通。文化、语种、文学形态的多样性以及不同民族文学既相互独立、又相互交融并整体推进的特征,是中国文学史结构中四个基本要素。     

情感述语结构的英汉对比

情感述语结构有感事做主语和刺激物做主语两种句法类型。这两种类型又各有几种结构形式,其英汉差异明显。文章通过运用对比的方法探讨这些差异,重点是感事做主语的句法类型在词汇复杂结构上表现出来的差异以及刺激物做主语的句法类型在致使义的隐和显上表现出来的差异。     

从语用角度分析语篇的隐性连贯

语篇连贯分为显性连贯和隐性连贯。本文主要探讨语篇隐性连贯的语用推理机制。     

显现的模糊与隐现的精确——论模糊语言精确性特征的存现方式

在交际当中,模糊语言的使用可使言语表达更加自然、得体,更好地表情达意,产生独特的作用。从辩证的角度出发,从显现与隐现的视角对模糊语言精确性特征的存现方式进行多层面分析和研究,并对其产生的原因进行挖掘,目的是让人们正确地认识和运用模糊语言,使其在交际中发挥更大地作用。     

非英语专业博士研究生英语教学显性课程改革建设

非英语专业博士研究生的英语教学和其他层次的英语教学有一些显著的差异,这些差异首先表现在学生的年龄层次和学历层次的跨度上。正是过大的跨度导致非英语专业博士研究生的英语教学改革存在一定的难度。探讨非英语专业博士研究生英语教学中显性课程的改革是最具现实性和表征性的任务:在确定显性课程改革目标的基础上,就教学理念、方法;课程设置和教材选用及第二课堂建设寻找和确定一些有别于以往的方式,无疑是极为有益的尝试。     

Examining the effects of gambling-relevant cues on gambling outcome expectancies

There is a consensus in the addictions literature that exposure to addiction-relevant cues can precipitate a desire to engage, or actual engagement, in the addictive behaviour. Previous work has shown that exposure to gambling-relevant cues activates gamblers’ positive gambling outcome expectancies (i.e. their beliefs about the positive results of gambling). The current study examined the effects of a new, arguably more ecologically valid cue manipulation (i.e. exposure to a gambling lab environment vs. sterile lab environment) on 61 regular gamblers’ explicit and implicit gambling outcome expectancies. The authors first tested the internal consistency of their implicit reaction time measure of gambling outcome expectancies, the Affective Priming Task. Split-half reliabilities were satisfactory to high (.72 to .88), highlighting an advantage of this task over other characteristically unreliable implicit cognitive measures. Unexpectedly, no predicted between-lab condition differences emerged on most measures of interest, suggesting that peripheral environmental cues that are not the focus of deliberate attentional allocation may not activate positive outcome expectancies. However, there was some evidence that implicit negative gambling outcome expectancies were activated in the gambling lab environment. This latter finding holds clinical relevance as it suggests that presenting peripheral gambling-related cues while treating problem gamblers may facilitate processing of the negative consequences of gambling.     

Sustainable Learning for Sustainability

Abstract

Sustainability issues are appearing with increasing frequency. Education for global sustainability, therefore, must achieve long-term maintenance of resources. For successful sustainability education, a novel learning process must be developed that converts didactic perspectives and designs into sustained deep learning. Incorporating neurobiological mechanisms, such as conscious explicit-declarative and unconscious implicit-procedural learning constructs, psychosocial attention, and value-based motivation, is necessary to make learning sustainable, ensuring successful adaptation to the environment. The authors derive a generalizable, sustained, deep-learning framework from neurolinguistic research concerning language acquisition in autism that transcends many current learning paradigms and provides heuristics to develop pedagogic strategies for global sustainability.     

Psychological Adaptation and Adjustment to Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

Early reports of the psychological ramifications of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) emerged shortly after the first incidence of the isease was officially reported in this country in 1981. These preliminary reports were based on clinical observations and anecdotal information which showed that the psychological reactions of AIDS patients were similar to those stages of death and dying described by Kubler-Ross (1969) although they appeared to be intensified and compounded by other issues related to the stigmatized status of most carriers of this disease. Two specific models of the staging of these psychological reactions are outlined. The psychological problems most commonly requiring therapeutic intervention are discussed with attention paid to the importance of distinguishing between those whose etiology is functional versus organic. The suspected pathogenesis, symptomatology and progression of the most common form of organic neurological disorder associated with AIDS, AIDS dementia complex, is summarized. Finally, a model of integrated treatment for the psychological aspects of adaptation to AIDS is described.     

Hierarchical spatially varying coefficient and temporal dynamic process models using spTDyn

Bayesian hierarchical spatio-temporal models are becoming increasingly important due to the increasing availability of space-time data in various domains. In this paper we develop a user friendly R package, spTDyn, for spatio-temporal modelling. It can be used to fit models with spatially varying and temporally dynamic coefficients. The former is used for modelling the spatially varying impact of explanatory variables on the response caused by spatial misalignment. This issue can arise when the covariates only vary over time, or when they are measured over a grid and hence do not match the locations of the response point-level data. The latter is to examine the temporally varying impact of explanatory variables in space-time data due, for example, to seasonality or other time-varying effects. The spTDyn package uses Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling written in C, which makes computations highly efficient, and the interface is written in R making these sophisticated modelling techniques easily accessible to statistical analysts. The models and software, and their advantages, are illustrated using temperature and ozone space-time data.     

红楼梦研究的现状与问题——兼论红学非学术

当前的“红学”存在种种问题。“红学”一词可以用,但它不是学术;《红楼梦》研究应纳入到“文学评论”之中;“红学”不是显学,也不应该成为显学。《红楼梦》是中国许许多多优秀古典文学作品中的一部,应该以平和的心态对待它。