清代以来滹沱河流域上游水利设施与村际关系

清代到民国年间滹沱河上游各县的部分村落,为利用滹沱河及其支流水源,以村际合作为主要方式,共同投资、投工,开挖了部分渠道,为使灌溉过程中能够体现公平公正,他们相互协商,并依据实际情况制定了较为全面的用水规则。但在实际执行过程中,由于人为等原因,不免发生诸多纠纷,甚至发生械斗,诉诸官方,严重影响了村落之间的关系和地方秩序。导致用水纷争不断之原因是多方面的,但究其根源,与水资源公共特性密不可分。     

从水文化的视角解读丹东城市发展

水作为一种自然资源,是一座城市生成和发展的原动力;作为一种文化资源,在经济社会活动中的影响力和渗透力巨大,直接影响一个地区的发展。丹东是中国最大的边境城市,如何彰显丹东水文化特色,凝聚丹东文化向往,挖掘和整理丹东的水文化也是当务之急。在尝试对丹东水文化类型加以梳理的基础上,为丹东更好地传承水文化提出可供参考的建议。     

新时期治水理念与浙江水文化遗产的保护利用

在当今我国提出建设生态文明和美丽中国的背景下,新时期治水工程建设的理念在不断提升,各地政府希望投入的治水工程,不仅要发挥水利工程作用,而且要成为生态、文化、经济效应的"综合体"。浙江省把治水作为转型升级的突破口,开展"治污水、防洪水、排涝水、保供水、抓节水"大行动。浙江水文化遗产历史久远、内涵丰富、价值不凡,建议采取五种方法进行保护利用。     

基于层次分析法的陕西省水资源安全评价

针对陕西省水资源状况,利用层次分析法从经济、社会、供需和生态安全四个方面建立评价指标体系,并通过分析各个指标的权重进行层次总排序,对陕西省10个城市的水资源安全状况进行综合评价,结果表明:汉中市的水资源安全等级最高,安康、西安、渭南、商洛、宝鸡、榆林、咸阳次之,延安和铜川市的等级最低,评价结果基本符合陕西省实际情况.如此严峻的水资源短缺问题必将在陕西省未来水资源可持续发展过程中引起相关部门的高度重视.     

唐白河水污染分析及治理措施

唐白河属于跨省河流,水污染治理具有一定的复杂性和难度．本文通过对唐白河流域的概况和水污染的现状,以及工业、农业、生活用水和养殖业等造成水污染的原因进行分析,对唐白河流域水污染防治提出对策,并针对中国的水污染问题提出建议．     

高温高压气藏地层水结垢规律实验研究

针对目前国内外缺乏直接检测高温高压地层水离子含量设备的问题,设计了测试高温、高压条件下实际气藏流体中地层水离子含量及结垢量的静态实验。采用实际气藏流体进行了高温高压PVT 分析及离子含量检测实验,测试不同条件下水中气、气中水含量及地层水离子组成,确定地层流体结垢量,综合研究了高温高压地层水相态变化和离子含量的变化规律及其内在联系。结果表明：随地层压力降低,天然气在水中的溶解度降低,水的蒸发加剧,地层水矿化度升高,结垢趋势增加。一定的低压高温条件下,地层流体中的无机盐结垢且结垢量随压力降低而增加,随温度降低而减小;实际地层流体结垢量比脱气地层水低且结垢量随温度压力的变化趋势更为明显。     

油井含砂在线监测技术研究

井口含砂在线监测是国外近年来发展起来的一种高精度实时监测油井出砂研究手段。在引进SandQTM 含砂监测系统基础上对其配套技术进行了优化,首先,利用FEPG 系统开发了三维声波传导有限元程序,对井口声波测试弯管壁厚进行了优化,建议壁厚为510 mm;其次,建立了近井渗流稳定时间分析有限元模型,优化井口测试程序,结果表明,对于高渗疏松砂岩油藏,生产制度调整后24 h 以内近井渗流即可达到稳定,结合现场实际,将油井工作制度调整频率设计为1 次/d;最后,进行了现场试验,研究表明,该技术对于抽油机及电潜泵井采油树均具有较好适应性,对于产出液黏度较小的油井适应性强、测试精度高,对于产出液黏度较大（动力黏度>1 824 mPa
s）油井,适应性较差。     

Perceptions of HIV testing venues among men who have sex with men in London and the Midlands,United Kingdom

Undiagnosed HIV and late HIV diagnosis increase the risk of poor disease prognosis in infected individuals and of onward HIV transmission. It is vital to encourage regular HIV testing among men who have sex with men (MSM), a group disproportionately affected by HIV. A sample of 18 MSM from London and the East Midlands in England were interviewed regarding their perceptions of testing in the following three contexts: genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics, community settings, and at home using a self-testing kit. The data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Perceived stigma from health care professionals, fear of being seen by significant others, and delays in being attended to were seen as barriers to testing in GUM clinics. While community settings were viewed as more accepting of sexual identity, concerns around homophobia and HIV stigma impeded access to testing for some individuals. HIV self-testing alleviated confidentiality concerns, but interviewees doubted the accuracy of the test results and worried about the lack of social support in the event of a reactive test result. Recommendations are offered for improving the acceptability of HIV testing in these contexts.     

Preadoption Genetic Testing: Social workers' decision-making process

Abstract

Genetic testing requested by prospective adoptive parents and/or an adoption agency prior to adoption, known as pre-adoption genetic testing, is postulated to help identify the best placement for the child. However, limited data exist about factors impacting social workers’ decision making about genetic testing and their perceptions about positive and negative implications of testing. A survey and semi-structured interview based on a pre-adoption genetic testing scenario of an inherited condition explored social workers’ perspectives and decision-making process (N?=?129). The majority reported limited education in genetics, but favored genetic testing. Results highlight the value of an interdisciplinary team in genetic testing decision making.