农村公共物品供给的利益相关者分析——以黑龙江省现代农业示范区为例

农村公共物品的有效供给对于社会主义新农村的建设和现代农业的发展具有至关重要的作用。根据改进的米切尔评分法,划分我国农村公共物品有效供给的利益相关者。以黑龙江省现代农业示范区的公共物品供给为例,分析农村公共物品利益相关者的利益诉求,提出根据农村公共物品的利益相关者的不同利益诉求,有效加强农村公共物品的供给对策。     

SCP范式对农业保险的启发

我国农业保险的发展比较缓慢,存在多种制约因素,其中市场失灵与有效制度供给的不足是矛盾的关键。农业保险的市场化存在着比较高的交易费用,相关利益主体有着不同的经济行为,因而,农业保险的制度构建需要一定的理论支撑。文章依托SCP范式及其演进模式,围绕制度一行为一绩效的逻辑关系,从制度经济学的视角审视了正规制度和非正规制度对农业保险制度建设的影响,分析了政府行为的市场基础,提出了农业保险制度设计的一些原则。     

利益相关者利益要求正当性探析

不同的利益相关者有不同的利益要求,对于不同的利益相关者,企业必须采用恰当的方式满足这些利益要求。企业为什么要考虑利益相关者的利益,这是利益相关者理论必须回答的问题。文章从企业契约论、产权论、资产风险论等角度对企业考虑利益相关者利益要求的正当性进行了探析。文章的观点:企业对各个利益相关者的利益要求,应该分层次地对待,在一定时期、一定条件下、以一个或几个利益相关者的利益为主,同时兼顾其他利益相关者的利益。     

生态移民权益保护与政府责任——以新疆轮台塔里木河移民为例

政府主导的生态移民是一个典型的政府的计划干预过程,相应的移民安置规划与安置模式折射出政府视角的发展思路。以新疆塔里木河生态移民为例,从生态移民系统的运行角度看,生态移民活动的利益相关群体包括中央政府、移民个体、行业主管部门、迁出区和安置区的地方政府等。每个利益相关群体均有独特的、不可替代的经济或者社会利益诉求。生态移民主要有生存发展权、社会福利权、公众参与权及财产补偿权等权益。生态移民补偿机制的缺陷,特别是对移民非经济成本补偿的缺失、对安置区资源的占用以及其他导致社会不公的因素,是生态移民过程中社会冲突的根源。政府需要构建利益协调机制、准确定位、注重法制建设以及构建参与与申诉机制,缓解社会冲突和利益冲突,承担相应的政府责任。     

美国企业控制权配置新格局及其启示

20世纪 80年代末以来 ,美国企业控制权配置格局因公司法修改而发生根本性变革。美国经济史上第四次企业并购浪潮是这种根本性变革的直接原因 ,而相关利益者理论和企业所有权配置理论则是其两个最重要的理论依据。我国企业控制权配置格局急需更好的规范与调整 ,公司法变革及相关制度创新亦因此成为当务之急     

地方行业高校身份转变与发展机制研究——基于利益相关者的视角

作为高等教育的重要组成部分，行业高校在经历了从行业到地方的身份转变之后，不少高校陷入“身份困境”，这种身份困境主要体现在行业特色褪色和融入地方艰难。准确分析地方行业高校的身份优势，整合外部发展资源，对于提升地方行业高校竞争力、打造办学特色具有重要意义。在对行业高校身份转变的必要性进行分析的基础上，运用利益相关者理论，提出行业高校身份转变的主要任务和基本格局，认为地方行业高校身份转变的关键点在于打造利益共同体，构建地方与行业广泛参与的治理体系，形成制度设计和政策安排。     

Stakeholder Attitudes Toward the Risks and Benefits of Agricultural Biotechnology in Developing Countries: A Comparison Between Mexico and the Philippines

Public perceptions and political debates regarding the risks and benefits of agricultural biotechnology are well documented in industrialized countries. Yet, hardly any surveys have been conducted in developing countries. The following study aims to contribute to a better understanding of stakeholder attitudes toward agricultural biotechnology in developing countries. For this purpose, stakeholder representatives in the public debates in Mexico and the Philippines were asked to complete two nearly identical questionnaires on the risks and benefits of agricultural biotechnology. A comparison of stakeholder attitudes in the Philippines and Mexico is interesting because it shows how the different political systems, cultural and ecological backgrounds, and the regional context of food and agriculture influence perceptions. In general, the results of the surveys indicate that the participants in both countries consider genetic engineering to be an important tool to address agricultural, nutritional, and environmental problems, and they do not regard transgenic foods as risky for consumers. However, they are concerned about the potential impact of such transgenic crops on their countries' rich biological diversity and do not believe that national biosafety guidelines will be implemented properly. Although the surveys show that stakeholder attitudes in the Philippines and Mexico are quite similar, they also highlight significant differences in perception often related to cultural and political aspects.     

工程伦理准则的层级解析及其归化机制实现方式

工程伦理准则是指由工程相关者构成的工程共同体在工程活动中进行伦理判断应遵循的原则。人类责任准则是居于第一层级的工程伦理核心准则,经济效用、安全保障、利益兼顾、生态维护四条准则是居于第二层级的工程伦理一般准则。在工程实践中,工程人员的岗位自律、工程组织的职业自治、工程共同体的商谈求同,是依据工程伦理准则层级归化机制进行伦理判断的主要实现方式。     

Codes, Stakeholders and Business Philosophy

Two concepts that business ethics has made its own are codes of practice and stakeholding. They pre-date the self-conscious, organised business ethics effort. Codes are standard in large businesses in the United States, but are not so widely used elsewhere. Stakeholder models remain largely aspirational. Both concepts have critics, and their practical value has yet to be proved. Despite this, they have the potential to transform the quality of business life. Their main strength is in combination with an appropriate business philosophy, which does not yet exist. Widely respected business values can be identified, but they need to be founded on basic principles, which is a requirement for any discipline to move from ideology to maturity. Some possible principles are suggested. An illustration is taken from financial services regulation, where markets are generally seen (to borrow Rousseau's phrase) as having to be ‘forced to be free.’ This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.