探析中国戏剧两种走向之整合

戏剧作为一种艺术样式,其审美价值究竟偏向于文学性还是剧场性,其功能究竟是重启蒙还是重娱乐,这历来是争议不休、难有定论的问题。即使在今天,中国一些戏剧学专家依然因为各自侧重点的不同,从而看到了当代中国戏剧的两种迥然不同的走向。通过对中国近代以来不同时期不同类型的戏剧进行分析,发现这两种走向其实并不矛盾,相反是整合。当今,在中国戏剧创作中文学与舞台、启蒙与娱乐间对立、偏废的现象正逐渐消淡,二者的融合与统一日益成为一种明显的发展趋势。     

A class of weighted dependence measures for bivariate failure time data

This paper considers a class of summary measures of the dependence between a pair of failure time variables over a finite follow-up region. The class consists of measures that are weighted averages of local dependence measures, and includes the cross-ratio-measure and finite region version of Kendall's τ; recently proposed by the authors. Two new special cases are identified that can avoid the need to estimate the bivariate survivor function and that admit explicit variance estimators. Nonparametric estimators of such dependence measures are proposed and are shown to be consistent and asymptotically normal with variances that can be consistently estimated. Properties of selected estimators are evaluated in a simulation study, and the method is illustrated through an analysis of Australian Twin Study data.     

Reconciliation with the Utility of Chance by Elaborated Outcomes Destroys the Axiomatic Basis of Expected Utility Theory

Expected utility theory does not directly deal with the utility of chance. It has been suggested in the literature (Samuelson, 1952, Markowitz, 1959) that this can be remedied by an approach which explicitly models the emotional consequences which give rise to the utility of chance. We refer to this as the elaborated outcomes approach. It is argued that the elaborated outcomes approach destroys the possibility of deriving a representation theorem based on the usual axioms of expected utility theory. This is shown with the help of an example due to Markowitz. It turns out that the space of conceivable lotteries over elaborated outcomes is too narrow to permit the application of the axioms. Moreover it is shown that a representation theorem does not hold for the example.     

Choice Functions: Rationality re-Examined

On analyzing the problem that arises whenever the set of maximal elements is large, and a selection is then required (see Peris & Subiza 1998), we realize that logical ways of selecting among maximals violate the classical notion and axioms of rationality. We arrive at the same conclusion if we analyze solutions to the problem of choosing from a tournament (where maximal elements do not necessarily exist). So, in our opinion the notion of rationality must be discussed, not only in the traditional sense of external conditions (Sen 1993), but in terms of the internal information provided by the binary relation.     

论当代中国政府经济职能的战略性重构

政府经济职能战略性重构的内涵是 :防止、纠补“政府失灵”和克服、弥补“市场失灵”。相应的对策 :一是限制和约束政府权力和职能 ,包括以政企分开为突破口 ,加快现代企业制度建设 ;规范政府干预职能及行为 ;加强对政府调控行为的监督 ;在政府经济职能重构的基础上 ,精简政府机构等。二是提升政府能力特别是宏观调控能力 ,包括财政宏观调控能力、金融宏观调控能力和行政组织调控能力 ;提高政府决策的科学化程度 ;将成本—效益观念和竞争机制引入政府调控的某些领域等 ,从而积极、适度、有效地行使政府对市场运作的宏观调控职能 ,充分发挥政府干预与市场调节二元机制的优势互补作用     

Characterizations based on conditional expectations

For given real functionsg andh, first we give necessary and sufficient conditions such that there exists a random variableX satisfying thatE(g(X)|X≥y)=h(y)r _x (y),∀y ∈ C _x , whereC _x andT _X are the support and the failure rate function ofX, respectively. These extend the results of Ruiz and Navarro (1994) and Ghitany et al. (1995). Next we investigate necessary and sufficient conditions such thath(y)=E(g(X)|X≥y), for a given functionh. Support for this research was provided in part by the National Science Council of the Republic of China, Grant No. NSC 86-2115-M-110-014 and NSC 88-2118-M-110-001     

工业革命时期英国卫斯理宗(1740-1840)

卫斯理宗(又称循道宗)诞生于18世纪的英国,它是国教牧师约翰·卫斯理创立的,卫斯理宗既是一场宗教革命--福音主义运动,又是一场声势浩大的群众运动,广泛地影响了英国工业革命前后时期的社会生活,具有巨大的社会整合功能.     

交响乐欣赏的审美把握之我见

认识和把握交响乐的审美特征与欣赏规律;避免过多依靠语言、文字解释、阐述交响乐;反对把想象与联想心理过程作为欣赏交响乐的主要功能;主张通过听觉直接感受交响乐的交响性音响艺术效果美,进而欣赏、领略交响乐艺术所表现的内容美、形式美;不同意过分夸大交响乐的社会作用。     

从功能的角度看商标翻译

近年来,学者们从不同的角度纷纷探讨商标的特点及其翻译问题,提出了许多建设性的意见和看法,为推动商标翻译研究做出了一定的贡献。本文从商标的功能入手,利用奈达的功能对等理论探讨了商标翻译的原则和方法。     

论政府在建设和谐文化中的导向作用

建设和谐文化是和谐社会的内在要求,和谐文化是和谐社会经济发展、社会进步的协调器,并为其提供思想保证和精神动力。在和谐文化的建设中,政府起着重要的导向作用,政府通过构建主流意识形态、开拓政治社会化的广泛渠道、加强对大众传媒的引导,营造良好的文化环境和氛围等途径发挥导向作用。