Developing a measure of celebrity reputation

This study was designed to develop a measure of celebrity reputation and attempt to identify key dimensions for evaluating diverse components of celebrity reputation, including personalities, relationship, appearance, expert abilities, private life management, and reputation. Using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, this study confirmed that the measure applied was both reliable and valid.     

真实性抗辩在新闻侵害名誉权案中的适用困境与出路

在新闻报道侵犯名誉权的案件中，真实性抗辩是媒体最常用也最有力的抗辩事由，但其适用关系到多方面的制度选择与利益平衡。在我国司法实践中，主要存在三方面困境。一是“真实”的标准不一，新闻真实与法律真实的差异常常导致证据认定冲突；二是关于“真实”的举证责任分配逻辑混乱；三是合理性误信行为的过错认定标准不明。比较西方相关国家的立法及司法经验，我国真实性抗辩中的“真实标准”应予适当放宽并合理分配举证责任，同时明确合理性误信行为的注意义务。     

论言论权与名誉权的冲突

近年,社会生活中针对言论权的名誉侵权之诉时有发生。言论权和名誉权是两种性质相异的权利。两种权利冲突在法律上表现为言论权在界限上的模糊性,以及缺少解决冲突的判断标准,其根源在于不同利益主体之间的利益冲突。为此需要在法律上通过对言论权的界限加以确定,并确立合理的冲突解决规则,为二者之间冲突的解决提供一条可行的路径。     

考虑不同碳排放处理模式的动态供应商选择及采购批量问题研究

不同的碳排放处理模式及不确定的市场需求等因素影响下,如何选择供应商并确定采购批量直接影响企业的运营和效益。本文在多时间周期、多产品种类、多供应商及随机需求情形下,同时考虑不同碳排放处理模式,分析动态供应商选择及采购批量等最优决策问题,构建混合整数非线性规划模型。通过设计变异算子和扰动因子来改进粒子群算法,力求在短时间内求解大规模决策问题。针对不同规模供应商选择及采购批量决策问题,采用精确方法、近似方法和改进粒子群算法求解。数值实验验证了模型及改进粒子群算法的有效性和可行性,分析了碳税、碳交易价格及碳限额对供应链管理的影响,并给出了供应商选择及碳排放处理的决策参考建议。     

Supplier quality assessment to identify depth technical knowledge of component reliability

As a result of global competition, international companies that manufacture photocopiers, printers or car navigation systems have to purchase low-cost electronic components such as semiconductors and hard disk drives by outsourcing production. However, it is often difficult for these companies to evaluate the quality of their suppliers through interviews and technical documentations. This article proposes new measures for supplier assessment and a systematic approach to select suppliers that have in-depth knowledge of component reliability and technology. The measures for selection not only include the physical quality of components but also information disclosures provided by suppliers, which consist of failure analysis, reliability data and details of the design-manufacturing process. The proposed measures are applied to real data of photocopier manufacturing enterprises. Experiments conducted show that a systematic assessment will enable selecting appropriate suppliers with a lower failure rate.     

C2C环境下顾客初始信任的影响机制研究:网上购物经验的调节作用

本文基于网上购物经验不同的顾客,运用实证研究探讨了C2C环境下顾客初始信任的影响机制。结果表明,感知产品、感知信用评分和感知客户评论均显著影响顾客初始信任;网上购物经验显著调节感知产品和感知信用评分对顾客初始信任的影响,而对感知客户评论与初始信任的关系未起到显著调节作用。本文深化了顾客初始信任的理论研究,对网上店铺赢得顾客初始信任及顾客购买意愿具有实践意义。     

A Multi‐Supplier Sourcing Problem with a Preference Ordering of Suppliers

We study a sourcing problem faced by a firm that seeks to procure a product or a component from a pool of alternative suppliers. The firm has a preference ordering of the suppliers based on factors such as their past performance, quality, service, geographical location, and financial strength, which are commonly included in a supplier scorecard system. Thus, the firm first uses available inventory from supplier 1, if any, then supplier 2, if any, and so on. The suppliers differ in costs and prices. The buyer firm seeks to determine which suppliers to purchase from and in what quantities to maximize its total expected profit subject to the preference ordering constraint. We present the optimal solution to this problem, and show that it has a portfolio structure. It consists of a sub‐set of suppliers that are ordered by their underage and overage costs. This portfolio achieves a substantial profit gain compared to sourcing from a unique supplier. We present an efficient algorithm to compute the optimal solution. Our model applies to component sourcing problems in manufacturing, merchandizing problems in retailing, and capacity reservation problems in services.     

基于监管、学习和声誉的联盟稳定性:实验研究

借鉴实验经济学的研究方法,研究了监管、学习和声誉机制对联盟成员机会主义行为的影响。实验用囚徒困境模型表示联盟成员间的合作竞争关系,通过控制监管力度,逐步引入学习机制和声誉机制来比较分析各机制的作用及关系。结果表明,监管越完善,越有利于控制机会主义行为,但其成本也越高;学习机制的引入,可以进一步减少机会主义行为,但联盟中的学习者也可借助信息优势,在监管严格时回避风险,在监管放松时采取机会主义行为获取短期超额收益;声誉机制的加入使得机会主义行为进一步减少,联盟企业借助信息优势获取超额收益的副作用也被消除。     

基于结构方程模型的政府投资项目代建企业声誉测量实证研究

政府投资项目代建市场正处于发展阶段,所存在的项目管理企业声誉差异较大,为研究声誉机制如何为代建市场带来价值提供了特殊的制度环境。文章确立了包括5个测量因子及19个外显指标的代建企业声誉测量模型,经验证的测量模型更具科学性和可操作性。研究结果显示出组织领导与团队、专业服务质量、工作环境3个因子对声誉的影响力度较大。研究结论旨在将代建企业声誉测量引入代建市场选择机制,从非正式契约层面完善代建企业激励制度设计,实现对代建企业的激励目标,并为其声誉管理提供方向。     

Alphabet Economics: The link between names and reputation

In economics, most coauthored papers have all coauthors in alphabetical order. It is sometimes argued that this conveys advantages to people whose names start with letters that come early in the alphabet. This paper examines whether the alphabetical ranking of names affects someone's reputation. Overall, we find that faculty members with earlier last name initials are more likely to get employment at high standard research departments. Furthermore, we show that the relationship between alphabetical placement and academic success remains significant if we use as an alternative measure of reputation the number of people showing an interest in the papers of a particular academic. This paper also investigates whether the reported alphabetical effect creates differential incentives for coauthoring. It is found that the reputational advantage of first-authorship motivates people to manipulate their names so as to obtain a more beneficial alphabetical position within the majority of articles.