Responsive contingency planning in supply risk management by considering congestion effects

Contingency rerouting is known as a cost-effective risk management strategy for major disruptions such as earthquakes and natural disasters. The objective of this paper is to develop a decision-making tool to determine the appropriate response speed of a volume-flexible backup supplier to improve the supply chain responsiveness. We propose a mixed integer programming (MIP)-based capacity planning tool which generates the contingency plan of the supply chain subject to random disruptions. In order to make an accurate decision, the impact of critical operational characteristics such as response time and congestion are considered in a disruption scenario. The appropriate response speed is selected through a decision tree analysis by minimizing the expected supply chain costs. The selection is made with respect to three different attitudes of the decision maker towards risk. In order to evaluate the impact of the different failure and recovery probabilities over the selection process, a sensitivity analysis is presented. The results show that considering congestion is especially critical for risk-neutral decision makers in mitigating against disruptions.     

Media reputation in initial public offerings: A study of financial news coverage in Hong Kong

This study investigated media reputation in initial public offerings (IPOs) by proposing eight attributes of substantive media reputation from environmental and product-resource perspectives. A content analysis on financial news coverage (2281 newspaper articles from 2004 to 2010) in Hong Kong was conducted to examine how print media reported financial and nonfinancial information on 38 IPO firms in the sectors of financial, properties and construction, and consumer goods. Results from partial least squares analysis showed that, although substantive media reputation and recency of news coverage together only explained a small proportion of changes in IPO share price, substantive media reputation has a significant positive effect on changes in IPO share price. Apart from the significant positive effect from the presentation tone of environmental attributes, the tone of social attributes had a significant negative effect on substantive media reputation. With the increasing concern on measuring media reputation attributes in financial news coverage across different contexts, this study contributes to the applicability of environmental and product-resource attributes in the specific context of IPOs.     

Reputation in Rupture: Broken Alliances and Relational Politics in the Roosevelt-Taft Split

Under what circumstances do close allies sacrifice their unity? By what process do bonds break? Although it might be argued that political ruptures are determined by incommensurable ideas (policies, philosophies) or by contentious personalities (temperament, character), we argue that neither explanation is sociologically sufficient. Extending the theories of interpersonal ruptures of Diane Vaughan and Robert Emerson to political domains, we take a relational approach to politics by emphasizing the centrality of the availability of reputational information, networks of supporters, and public displays of antagonism in response to affronts within systems of institutional power. Our approach to public ruptures draws on a detailed case study: the broken alliance between presidents Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft, a dramatic instance of changing master-protégé relationship. The transition from close interpersonal alliance to public distaste typically involves four stages that expand a relational breach to an irreparable rupture: (1) personal grievance, (2) substantive disagreement, (3) public awareness, and (4) network activity. While every detailed case has limits, we note comparable instances and contend that this model applies broadly to broken partnerships in politics or other public domains.     

Effects of data breaches from user-generated content: A corporate reputation analysis

A threat for a growing number of firms in various industries is the occurrence of different breaches of sensitive corporate data. These critical events represent vulnerability for firms' corporate reputations, whose multiple dimensions are affected by customers negative perceptions in various ways. Further, in the Industry 4.0 era, the redundancy of scandals on social media can exacerbate negative effects. This paper reports an investigation into the effects of data breaches on corporate reputation dimensions. In this context, the study conducted latent Dirichlet allocation analysis on social media user-generated content (UGC) for a sample of 35 firms in nine industries that suffered a data breach incident between 2013 and 2016. Incidents have been categorized into three categories: “intentional and internal,” “unintentional and internal,” and “intentional and external” data breaches. The aim of the study was to discover how reputational dimensions changed after these critical events and to identify the differences among the types of data breaches.Results reveal that after critical events, more reputational dimensions appear to be relevant. While before critical events, users typically discuss the “perceived quality” of a firm's offer, after all three types of data breaches, users also pay attention to “customer orientation” and “corporate performance” dimensions. Another key reputation dimension, especially after intentional and internal data breaches, is the “firm as employer,” particularly in the context of a lack of investment in training regarding these events.These findings provide key insights for academics and practitioners to understand large-scale data breaches effects and reputational drawbacks after such incidents.     

Organizational Reputation and the Securities and Exchange Commission's Failed Regulatory Revolution

When do regulatory innovations fail? I provide a novel organizations‐based answer to this question by developing an institutional‐reputational approach to regulatory politics. Regulators cannot hope to monitor the vast majority of market activities, so they must rely on the regulated to condition their behavior on the regulator's reputation: beliefs and expectations concerning the regulator's goals and capabilities. Regulators thus pursue daily activities while being mindful of how these activities will shape their reputation and thus their ability to achieve future goals. However, even long‐standing reputations are rendered fragile when rival actors use the organization's reputation to cross‐purposes. Thus, while reputation represents a major source of power, reputation also proves fragile when organizations face conflicting reputational demands. The fragility of reputations provides a novel explanation of an understudied phenomenon: failed regulatory revolutions. I develop this theory through the analysis of innovative Securities and Exchange Commission activity in disclosure law following the Watergate investigation.     

现浇楼板钢筋对梁端抗弯能力影响的数值分析

根据对供应商评价选择的实际需求，建立评价指标体系，利用层次法确定各个指标权重，并将灰色评价与层次分析法相结合，构建出灰色层次评价模型以综合评价并选择合适的供应商。     

中美高校图书馆员职业声望差异分析及启示

比较了中美高校图书馆员职业声望差异,认为其原因主要在于职业工作内容、职业贡献和职业资格方面。提出了借鉴美国经验,通过合理界定我国高校图书馆员工作内容,建立学科馆员制度,严格任职资格,人员分开管理等措施,以期提高其职业声望。     

揭露性批评性报道中的名誉侵权问题

揭露性批评性报道中名誉侵权居多，从法理学角度阐明此类报道中名誉侵权客体为特定公民或法人的名誉权，并提出处理新闻自由与名誉权保护的三原则，客观方面结合个案从侵权行为、侵权损害事实以及二者关系进行分析，主体方面将责任主体细化为新闻机构、新闻记者和消息源加以研究，主观方面剖析故意、过失名誉侵权两种不同情形并指出侵权行为人的注意义务，以此从理论上廓清揭露性批评性报道中名誉侵权的诸多问题。     

基于供应链绩效的供应商选择与评价指标体系的构建

本文确定了将电子商务这一环境变量纳入供应商选择与评价指标体系后构建的体系框架,首先指出了原有指标体系的不足,然后提出了新指标体系构建的思路及原则,最后给出了具体指标的分级设置,为企业提高整个供应链绩效提供了帮助.     

供应链设计中供应商的评价与选择

供应商的评价与选择是供应链设计的关键,直接关系到供应链的竞争力。对一般制造企业中现行选择供应商的方法进行了改进,在原有定性评估的基础上,引进定量评价方法。定量方法采用简单易行的灰关联分析算法,避免了其他方法主观性强、分析精度不高的缺陷;定性方法是企业多年经验的结晶,能够弥补定量方法的不足,具有独特的优势。定量和定性方法相辅相成,可确保选择供应商的方法合理与准确。