产品质量差异与需求不确定双因素下的双渠道供应链分销策略选择

在考虑产品质量差异与需求不确定双因素影响的基础上,通过构建垂直Nash定价与库存联合博弈模型,研究当线上与线下双渠道销售特定异质产品时,供应链成员如何根据不同的产品类型选择最优分销策略以实现双渠道供应链的共赢。研究结果表明:对于质量差异化低且需求不确定性低的产品类型,供应链成员的共赢分销策略是在线下渠道销售低质量产品并在线上渠道销售高质量产品;对于质量差异化低且需求不确定性高的产品类型,共赢分销策略是在线下销售高质量产品并在线上销售低质量产品;当制造商采用“做坏品”质量差异化策略时,产品类型和分销策略之间的最佳匹配依然保持稳健。     

Sample selection in radiocarbon dating

Archaeologists working on the island of O'ahu, Hawai'i, use radiocarbon dating of samples of organic matter found trapped in fish-pond sediments to help them to learn about the chronology of the construction and use of the aquicultural systems created by the Polynesians. At one particular site, Loko Kuwili, 25 organic samples were obtained and funds were available to date an initial nine. However, on calibration to the calendar scale, the radiocarbon determinations provided date estimates that had very large variances. As a result, major issues of chronology remained unresolved and the archaeologists were faced with the prospect of another expensive programme of radiocarbon dating. This paper presents results of research that tackles the problems associated with selecting samples from those which are still available. Building on considerable recent research that utilizes Markov chain Monte Carlo methods to aid archaeologists in their radiocarbon calibration and interpretation, we adopt the standard Bayesian framework of risk functions, which allows us to assess the optimal samples to be sent for dating. Although rather computer intensive, our algorithms are simple to implement within the Bayesian radiocarbon framework that is already in place and produce results that are capable of direct interpretation by the archaeologists. By dating just three more samples from Loko Kuwili the expected variance on the date of greatest interest could be substantially reduced.     

Application of Markov chain Monte Carlo methods to modelling birth prevalence of Down syndrome

Data collected before the routine application of prenatal screening are of unique value in estimating the natural live-birth prevalence of Down syndrome. However, much of these data are from births from over 20 years ago and they are of uncertain quality. In particular, they are subject to varying degrees of underascertainment. Published approaches have used ad hoc corrections to deal with this problem or have been restricted to data sets in which ascertainment is assumed to be complete. In this paper we adopt a Bayesian approach to modelling ascertainment and live-birth prevalence. We consider three prior specifications concerning ascertainment and compare predicted maternal-age-specific prevalence under these three different prior specifications. The computations are carried out by using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods in which model parameters and missing data are sampled.     

我国制造业产能利用率测度与影响因素研究——基于十个重点行业

选取制造业的十个重点行业,使用2001-2014年的面板数据,运用数据包络分析法(DEA)对其产能利用率、技术效率和设备利用率进行了测算,结果显示:我国制造业的部分行业存在严重的产能过剩问题;非金属矿物制品业、黑色金属冶炼和压延加工业等传统行业的产能利用率较低;通信设备、计算机及其他电子设备制造业等新兴行业的产能利用率相对较高.剖析制造业产能过剩的影响因素,发现市场需求与产能利用率存在显著的正相关关系,资本密集度、就业水平、开放度、金融支持与产能利用率有显著的负相关关系.     

新常态下供销社经营模式的转型与创新研究

随着我国新型四化的深入推进,农村经济建设迈入了新阶段。在新常态下,供销社的迫切任务是加快转型升级,切实提高为农服务能力。因而这就要求我们既要把握好传统业务,又要善用改革和创新的思维开拓新型业务,用业务经营发展促使供销社转型升级。面对我国经济发展新常态,供销社过去长期积累起来的服务“三农”的宝贵经验遇到了很大的挑战,在经营过程中所暴露出的经营方式、手段等方面都存在着很多弊端,进而阻碍了供销社的生存与发展。供销社要想走为农服务的道路,转型与创新势在必行。基于经济发展新常态,分析供销社在发展中存在的突出问题;研究供销社进行转型与创新的必要性;最后归纳总结供销社经营模式的创新途径。     

重庆汽车产业全产业链发展的现状与思考

重庆作为中国汽车产业都城之一,经过多年发展,汽车产业全产业链不断完善,品牌竞争力不断增强,但同时也出现了诸如产业链不紧密、创新能力不强等现实问题,这为研究重庆汽车产业全产业链提出了迫切要求。文章通过实证分析方法,分析重庆汽车产业全产业链发展现状,从理论与实践角度提出进一步完善重庆汽车产业全产业链的建议。     

县级政府、供应链管理与农产品上行关系研究

基于中国13省87个电子商务进农村示范县的调研材料,分析政府项目驱动下农产品上行问题。实践表明,政策利好为县域农产品电商发展提供了试错空间,“S2B2C”的供应链管理模式对农产品上行的推动作用明显。但是,多数县级政府未能认识到供应链管理之于农产品上行的作用,普遍存在政府治理方式滞后、公共服务网络不健全、农产品区域公用品牌缺乏、冷链等基础设施投入不足等问题。因此,为有效推动农产品上行,政府应进一步推动“公私合作”、构建一体化的公共服务、注重品牌营销、优化产品供应链管理。     

供应链核心企业最优采购计划的编排策略

企业作业计划是供应链核心企业在短时期内组织生产和经营活动的依据。供应链核心企业最优采购计划的编排策略,即以企业作业计划体系为依据,根据核心企业的不同作业特点概括出企业最优作业计划的编排方法,并利用传统的甘特图保证其协同执行.这种编排策略易于动态规划求解,便于计算机模拟和实现。     

我国房地产产业价值链的优化政策组合

通过对房地产泡沫、暴利等概念的界定和相互关系的探讨分析,认为目前我国房地产业局部地区存在结构性泡沫现象,出现的根源在于房地产产业链不合理,收益分配过于集中,从而导致房地产业整体财富增长却没有给利益相关者带来对等的财富增长.为了优化我国房地产产业的价值链,文章拟通过构建系统性的政策组合来实现这一目标.     

农村数字化与粮食供应链韧性:理论机制、经验证据及政策选择

选取2011-2021年的省级数据,构建粮食供应链韧性和农村数字化的综合指标体系,运用固定效应模型探究农村数字化对粮食供应链韧性的影响,研究发现:农村数字化的发展能够提升粮食供应链韧性;异质性检验结果表明,农村数字化对粮食供应链韧性的正向效应在中部地区最强,西部地区最弱。因此应重视农村数字化转型在粮食供应链韧性提升中的重要作用、实现农村数字化转型阶梯式发展,以提高我国粮食安全的可靠性。