新公共管理理论对教育改革的借鉴*

新公共管理理论兴起以来颇受关注,但也是非议不断;新公共管理理论对于政府管理模式、管理理念的变革,对于公共事业改革提供一个新的思路。教育事业改革借鉴新公共管理理论的理念和思维,采取市场性、竞争性、契约性等特点,推动教育事业迈出新局面。     

供应链管理的快速反馈营销系统与4Ps营销系统仿真

企业如何快速响应市场是企业应对外界环境变化、赢得竞争优势的关键。文章从顾客需求出发,将供应链管理与市场营销相结合,运用系统动力学的理论与方法,研究传统4Ps营销系统与基于供应链管理的快速反馈营销系统两种营销模式的运营特点与绩效。并结合X企业的实际情况,运用Vensim.PLE仿真软件对两种营销模式进行仿真模拟,比较了两种模式的运营绩效。研究表明促使顾客满意度、订单率、销售量获得长期、快速增长的关键在于改变传统的营销系统模式,建立从顾客需求出发的基于供应链管理的快速反馈营销系统。     

家族企业职业经理人力资本产权契约治理模式创新

从股东至上治理理论、人力资本治理理论、利益相关者治理理论和核心利益相关者治理理论等治理理论的比较分析入手,提出中国家族企业职业经理人力资本产权契约治理实践应以人力资本治理理论和核心利益相关者治理理论为依据,以此为基础提出财务资本与人力资本的平衡,建立了家族企业职业经理财产权契约、控制权契约和人权契约协同治理模式,并以阿里巴巴为例进一步探寻协同治理模式的具体应用,不仅拓展了家族企业治理研究内容,又创新了中国家族企业职业经理人力资本产权契约治理模式。     

对外贸易差额与货币供给 ——基于国别面板数据的实证研究

开放经济条件下,不同汇率制度条件下会对一国贸易差额与货币供给之间的关系产生不同的影响。通过构面包含汇率制度虚拟变量在内的面板协整方程,结合1994-2011年中国、日本等23个国家和地区的国别面板数据进行实证分析,研究发现：在实行自由浮动汇率制度下贸易差额对货币供给并不产生影响,而在实行固定汇率制度或者有管理的浮动汇率制度下贸易差额会引起货币供给的同方向变化,即贸易顺差会引起货币供应量的增加,贸易逆差则引起货币供应量的减少。因此,在当前实行人民币有管理的浮动汇率制度下,要适度控制贸易顺差对货币供给的冲击作用,以防范通货膨胀等风险。     

基于推-拉联动思路的福建省纺织服装产业发展对策研究

纺织服装产业作为福建省的主要支柱产业,当前正处于扩张型经济、价值型经济和创新型经济三个阶段并存的发展格局,虽然产业集群效应明显,核心企业具有突出的比较优势和竞争力,但也存在着品牌影响力不足、自主创新能力薄弱、专业人才缺乏等突出问题。福建省纺织服装产业要想做大做强,就应遵循以核心企业为主导的推-拉联动发展思路,以电子商务代运营进行渠道扩张,构建创意产业以提升企业内涵和核心竞争力,构建快速供应链以适时应对市场需求变化。     

The Non-Existence of the Labor Demand/Supply Diagram,and other Theorems of Institutional Economics

The most famous and influential diagram in modern (neoclassical) labor economics is the model of wage determination by supply and demand. Using concepts and ideas from institutional economics, I argue that the theory of a perfectly competitive labor market is logically contradictory and, hence, the demand/supply diagram cannot exist on the plane of pure theory. Four other fundamental theorems concerning labor markets are also derived, as are implications about the theoretical foundation of the field of industrial relations and the economic evaluation of labor and employment policy.

The Labor Market Participation of Sandwich Generation Italian Women

We empirically analyzed the labor market participation of Italian women, with special emphasis on the role of intergenerational family links. Older relatives, on the one hand, discourage the work participation of women by requiring care; on the other hand they may provide household services favoring labor supply. We studied this dual impact estimating a trivariate probit model where the three choices to be in the labor force, to use informal help from older relatives and to care for them are jointly determined. Our estimates show that care duties towards members of the previous generation hinder the labor market participation of Italian women, and that informal help received from older relatives strongly increases their probability of being engaged in paid work.

不确定条件下的IT外包时机选择问题研究

IT外包的业务环境、技术环境和需求的不确定性往往会引起IT服务成本的不确定性。针对IT服务成本的不确定性和IT外包投资的不可逆性,运用传统净现值方法和实物期权方法比较固定价格合同、成本加成定价合同和收益共享合同3种常见合同的外包临界值,分析3种合同下客户企业的等待价值,并讨论客户企业推迟外包情形时的等待时间。研究结果表明,实物期权方法得出的外包临界值高于净现值方法得出的外包临界值;等待价值随无风险利率的增大而减小,随漂移率、变动率的增大而增大;当漂移率与变动率平方的比值大于二分之一时,客户企业选择外包的期望等待时间受无风险利率、漂移率和变动率的影响,其他情形下客户企业的期望等待时间不受无风险利率、漂移率和变动率的影响。研究结论为不确定条件下客户企业外包与否和外包时机的选择提供理论支持和实践指导。     

Designing Efficient Infrastructural Investment and Asset Transfer Mechanisms in Humanitarian Supply Chains

We analyze the efficacy of different asset transfer mechanisms and provide policy recommendations for the design of humanitarian supply chains. As a part of their preparedness effort, humanitarian organizations often make decisions on resource investments ex ante because doing so allows for rapid response if an adverse event occurs. However, programs typically operate under funding constraints and donor earmarks with autonomous decision‐making authority resting with the local entities, which makes the design of efficient humanitarian supply chains a challenging problem. We formulate this problem in an agency setting with two independent aid programs, where different asset transfer mechanisms are considered and where investments in resources are of two types: primary resources that are needed for providing the aid and infrastructural investments that improve the operation of the aid program in using the primary resources. The primary resources are acquired from earmarked donations. We show that allowing aid programs the flexibility of transferring primary resources improves the efficiency of the system by yielding greater social welfare than when this flexibility does not exist. More importantly, we show that a central entity that can acquire primary resources from one program and sell them to the other program can further improve system efficiency by providing a mechanism that facilitates the transfer of primary resources and eliminates losses from gaming. This outcome is achieved without depriving the individual aid programs of their decision‐making autonomy while maintaining the constraints under which they operate. We find that outcomes with centralized resource transfer but decentralized infrastructural investments by the aid programs are the same as with a completely centralized system (where both resource transfer and infrastructural investments are centralized).     

Buttressing Supply Chains against Floods in Asia for Humanitarian Relief and Economic Recovery

Floods are the most frequent category of disasters worldwide. Among all geographic regions, Asia has suffered the most. While there are several ongoing humanitarian efforts and initiatives, we believe there is a new opportunity to coordinate “last mile” humanitarian efforts in the event of a flood using micro‐retailers. Because micro‐retailers are the “last mile” nodes in traditional retail supply chains in many Asian countries, we propose the use of social enterprise to buttress these supply chains for distribution of essential goods by coordinating with micro‐retailers before and after floods. We also present a stylized model to quantify the benefits of doing so.