Expert Systems

Summary

Expert systems are computer programs which embody the expertise of a human expert in order to consult and advise on a specific problem. It is now becoming feasible to apply expert systems technology to problems in the human services. This article describes what expert systems technology is and how it may be applied in human service practice. Finally, some of the promises and pitfalls of this new technology are addressed.     

哈尔滨建设知识城市的战略思考

本文以我国的老工业基地哈尔滨市为例，从知识城市的内涵与标准、紧迫性与基础条件、发展思路与保障措施等方面详尽论述了如何战略性地构建一座知识城市。     

Understanding Older Americans' Attitudes,Knowledge, and Fears About Vision Loss and Aging

ABSTRACT

The purpose of the present study was to identify factors associated with attitudes, knowledge, and fear of age-related vision impairment in a representative sample of US adults age 55 and older. Data were obtained from a national telephone survey. Attitudes toward vision impairment and aging were positive, but fears were extensive and knowledge was lacking. Higher socioeconomic status and experience with nonrelated persons who were visually impaired predicted better attitudes and greater knowledge. Being a women and having experience with persons who were visually impaired predicted lower fear. Findings emphasize the importance of accurate knowledge and training about visual impairment for practitioners working with this population.     

海洋经济研究资源共享平台的构建策略——以浙江为例

基于浙江省海洋经济发展与研究现状,分析了海洋经济研究资源共享的必要性。以知识管理理论为指导,提出了构建海洋经济研究资源共享平台的结构与多元化共享模式,认为海洋经济研究资源共享平台,必须能满足研究型、管理型、决策型等用户的不同需求,具备资源整合与共享、交流互动、管理协调与服务等功能。     

多媒体崇拜症：成因及对策

多媒体教学过程中出现了一系列的问题,这些问题从总体上可冠之为＂多媒体崇拜症＂。这种症状的产生成因复杂。其中既有特定时代背景下某些社会思潮的影响,如＂技术决定论＂的影响和技术使用上功利主义态度的影响;也有施教者和管理者素质上的不足,尤其是精神上的懒惰;更与当前大学的行政化办学体制有某种内在的关联。要克服这种症状,目前可做的工作重点是端正对多媒体使用的看法,提高多媒体使用的技术水平,并且在教学评价上要注重平衡。     

科技进步与北京社会阶层结构变动

自工业社会以来,科技进步引发深刻的社会阶层结构变动,改变着原有的社会分层体系。伴随着北京高新技术产业的发展,北京社会结构发生着深刻的变迁。研究表明,这一变迁突出表现在两方面:一方面,高新技术产业的发展,提高了劳动生产率,减少了劳动力投入,直接导致体力劳动者阶层在社会阶层结构中所占的比例规模不断减小,而脑力劳动者阶层规模不断壮大;另一方面,高新技术产业发展深刻影响着社会阶层结构中的资源配置,改变着原有的社会分层体系。     

基于素质测评的知识型员工的激励方式浅析

对知识型员工激励问题的研究已日渐成熟。根据岗位要求建立有针对性的素质测评模型,并根据每个要素的得分分析其优势和劣势。在此基础上,结合知识型员工自身特点和他们的不同需要,采用不同的激励方式,以期达到良好的激励效果。     

技术创新史的文化研究路径——近年来技术史研究的新动向

对国际技术史权威期刊<技术与文化>最近十多年来有关技术创新史的论文进行了综合考察,参照文学理论和史学研究的新进展,从整体上对这些研究的方法论进路作了"文化研究"的理论概括与定位,从而尝试性地思考了国外技术史家在技术创新史研究中是如何引入建构论作为技术史的解释范式,并通过改进该范式,从而推动技术史走向对技术创新的"文化研究"路径的.思考了该解释范式有待进一步解决的问题,对技术创新史的进一步研究进行了展望.     

Data availability in accounting research: Some evidence

The data availability policy of the American Accounting Association is examined to address two research questions: (1) Are data dependent results in The Accounting Review readily available for further inquiry and dissemination of accounting knowledge? (2) What are the potential factors that may account for the availability or the lack of data? Several potential factors including job rank, number of revisions before acceptance, source of data, and funding source are suggested to account for the lack of data availability. The results indicate that, in general, authors are not willing to make their data available to others. We conclude by suggesting some options that may ameliorate the situation.     

Incorporating knowledge management as HRD strategy: the case of a Korean electronics company

Abstract

There is no doubt that knowledge management is now a very dominant theme in modern enterprises. To survive and compete in a knowledge-based economy, companies must learn to manage and sustain their intellectual assets. As a number of practitioners have noted, human resources play an important role in the transition process to the knowledge-based economy. This transition process is characterized by participant-driven integrative teamwork for dealing with various tasks and issues in organizations. This article presents a case study of the development of human resources in the context of knowledge management, which is based on systems thinking, exploring the process of problematization. It is based on a Foucauldian approach to expose the social relationship of power, knowledge and subjectivization in the problem-solving practice.