Social mobility and social capital in contemporary Britain

This paper seeks to contribute to social capital research by linking measures of formal and informal forms of social capital to social mobility trajectories and assessing their impact on social trust. Drawing on data from a recent national survey – Cultural Capital and Social Exclusion (2003/2004 ) – we analyse formal civic engagement and informal social connections. The latter data are obtained using, for the first time in a study in Britain, Lin's (2001 ) 'Position Generator' approach as a means to identify the volume, range and position of individuals' informal social contacts. The pattern of contacts suggests that access to social ties is strongly conditioned by mobility trajectory. We also show that civic engagement in formal associations is especially high among second-generation members of the service class. It is also shown that both class trajectory and possession of two types of social capital have significant impacts on trust. Among the social groups disadvantaged in terms of bridging social ties are not only those in lower classes but also women and members of minority ethnic groups.     

Capital Mobility and Asset Pricing

We present a model for the equilibrium movement of capital between asset markets that are distinguished only by the levels of capital invested in each. Investment in that market with the greatest amount of capital earns the lowest risk premium. Intermediaries optimally trade off the costs of intermediation against fees that depend on the gain they can offer to investors for moving their capital to the market with the higher mean return. The bargaining power of an investor depends on potential access to alternative intermediaries. In equilibrium, the speeds of adjustment of mean returns and of capital between the two markets are increasing in the degree to which capital is imbalanced between the two markets, and can be reduced by competition among intermediaries.     

多状态生命表模型在人力资源规划中的应用研究

本文针对企业人力资源变动的结构性特征,将人口统计分析中的多状态生命表模型应用于企业人力资源规划中,并应用此模型对某一企业人力资源状况进行详细的分析研究,验证这一模型在人力资源规划中的可行性,揭示我国企业人力资源流动现状。     

Training and job mobility among young workers in the United States

Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth from 1987 to 1992, the determinants of training and the impact of training on job turnover are examined for young private sector workers in the United States. It is found that the receipt of company training is positively correlated with education, ability, and prior tenure at the job. The results provide only limited evidence that company training reduces turnover. There is substantial evidence, however, that training which is not financed by employers increases job mobility. The results imply that training plays an important role in the job search and job matching process among young workers. JEL classification: J24, J41, J63 Received December 11, 1995/Accepted June 27, 1996     

Technological change and sociocultural models in China: A case study of train commuters in Beijing

ABSTRACT

China’s mobility turn has created the world’s largest public rail system, contributing extensively to citizens’ economic, social, and spatial mobility. Concurrently, this technological transformation has introduced many opportunities for individuation, which could potentially challenge the social, collectivistic, and Confucian foundations of China’s sociocultural and political ideology. While the notion that ‘mobility produces culture’ is readily accepted, research on train mobility in China is rare. In this study, we use Albert Bandura’s Model of Triadic Reciprocal Causation to conceptualize mobility as agency. We employ Hermeneutic Content Analysis, a mixed methods framework, to study how this rapidly evolving mobility environment connects to the lives of 31 regular train users living in Beijing. Studying agency in China enables us to systematize the sociocultural models within which mobility practices are embedded and how they manifest. We find that our interviewees embed agentive practices in a cultural model that is intertwined with collectivistic aspirations of the country. Technological developments are thus integrated into existing sociocultural models and political expectations, contradicting existing debates on the fracturing impact of disruptive technologies.     

子女教育与家庭贫困的代际变动

子女教育是影响农村家庭贫困变动的一个重要因素。本文通过对14省区609户农村家庭调查结果分析,发现子女教育有加深父代家庭贫困状况的迹象,子女接受教育程度越高,自身一代家庭摆脱贫困的比例越高,并且能传承下代家庭使其免受贫困;家庭贫困代际变动的教育断裂点为15年(大专教育)。     

中国城镇居民收入分配演变趋势考察——基于不平等和两极分化的分析

控制收入分配差距、调整收入分配格局是构建和谐社会的一个主要目标。根据城镇居民收入分配数据,在对收入分配极化测度和估算方法进行介绍的基础上,从收入流动性角度分析了中国城镇居民收入分配的演变趋势。结果表明,1995-2008年间我国城镇居民收入分配的两极分化指数不断扩大,但是,由于这一过程中低收入群体所占收入比例下降,中、高收入群体所占收入比例上升,收入分配并未表现出明显的两极分化趋势。然而,不断扩大的两极分化指数仍表明,政府不仅需要关注如何提高居民收入水平,还需防范居民收入差距的拉大。     

影视艺术"运动性"美学特征的视觉感知根源探究

"运动性"是影视艺术最重要的美学特征,其包括了被拍摄主体的运动、摄影机的运动、主客体复合运动以及剪辑带来的蒙太奇运动等方面.而影视艺术之所以具有"运动性"的美学特征,在视觉感知的层面上,源自于观赏主体的视知觉是一个积极能动的器官,其对视域中运动变化的物象有高度的敏感性和选择性.     

构建农村人口有序流动的调节机制

农村人口进城所带来的积极效应毋庸置疑,然而由于其流动的无序性,给城乡经济社会发展带来了一定的隐患.农村人口无序流动给农村发展所带来的隐患主要有:“失血般”的人口外流;农村高素质劳动力流失;农业生产力下降;农村养老问题愈加严峻;农村男子往往成为婚姻挤压的牺牲品.农村人口无序流动给城市发展所带来的挑战主要有:城市贫民数量增多;城市住房愈加短缺;城市环境污染加剧;对城市治安管理带来挑战;加重了城市计划生育管理工作的难度;对城市教育资源带来冲击.本文在分析问题的基础上提出了构建农村人口有序流动的调节机制.     

非物质文化遗产传承人断层困境分析——基于社会分层和社会流动理论视角

当前,在“政治、经济、文化、社会”四位一体的推进过程中,我国政府、社会机构等相关组织加大了对非物质文化遗产保护和传承的关注、重视和扶持的力度。然而随着全球化、现代化的演变,非物质文化遗产的保护和传承依旧遇到了诸多的难题。其中,传承人断层状况成为了非物质文化遗产中亟待解决的问题。而本文从社会学的相关理论——社会分层和社会流动出发,阐释这一困境,并试图寻找有效的途径来改善断层的局面。