人员流动对组织间隐性知识共享影响研究

促进组织间隐性知识共享是一个企业取得成功的关键.隐性知识和人与人之间传染病的传播途径非常相似,主要是通过人与人之间的直接接触进行传播的.文章受传染病动力学建模思想的启发,针对有人员相互流动的两个组织,并考虑员工的引入和离职,构建了两组织间的隐性知识传播动力学模型,给出区分实现组织间隐性知识共享与否的阈值,并对模型进行数值仿真以验证所得理论结果的正确性.从理论性定量研究的角度说明,在两组织间适当进行人员流动能有效促进组织间隐性知识共享,而如果人员流动不合理则会起到抑制作用.     

Speculating with human rights: two South Asian women writers and utopian mobilities

ABSTRACT

Utopian and dystopian fiction are classifiable under the umbrella term speculative fiction, which speculates with or takes risks with the reality it creates in the fiction. My paper investigates speculative writing which is also utopian by South Asian feminist and activist women, comparing creative texts by Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain, from the first half of the 20^th century, and Vandana Singh, from contemporary times. A selection of their published short fiction are focused on, in particular Hossain’s ‘Sultana’s Dream’ (1905) and Padmarag and the short story ‘Delhi’ by Singh. The article pulls together analysis of different kinds of mobility to argue that both writers, in their imagination of mobile utopia, also further creative speculations round human rights, with special reference to gender and the city. The article analyses how South Asian metropolises, notably Calcutta and Delhi, get reimagined in their writing. Both Hossain and Singh were/are educators in real life. How do their educative and speculative voices come together (or not) in their mobile utopia reimagining human rights? My answer is that the speculative reality-bending mode offers an articulation of the educative in a very different key to the conventionally pedagogic.     

Rapid Gender Analysis and its use in crises: from zero to fifty in five years

ABSTRACT

This article explores how and why the international non-government organisation, CARE, developed its own system of gender analysis, Rapid Gender Analysis (RGA), during the humanitarian response in Syria. The article tracks and reviews a sample of the first 50 CARE RGA reports to share recurrent gender themes that emerge across them, including the lack of women’s meaningful participation in decision-making, limitations on women and girls’ mobility, increased risks of gender-based violence, and recurring issues facing humanitarian organisations in providing a gender-sensitive response. RGA has now been used in more than 50 crises around the world and is featured as a good practice in the Inter-Agency Standing Committee Gender Handbook. It is giving humanitarians faster and more complete access to information about gender norms than ever before. But, this article asks, has the RGA made a difference and, if so, to whom?     

Make way for the wealthy? Autonomous vehicles,markets in mobility,and social justice

ABSTRACT

The development of a ‘mobility as a service’ model for accessing urban transport via autonomous vehicles may be expected to have far-reaching implications for the economics of road transport. In particular, it would offer a new opportunity to price access to the roads in accordance with the principles of the free market. Once people are paying for mobility on the roads on a ‘per trip’ basis, it will be possible to offer different levels of access – and service – at different prices. According to hegemonic ideas in the transport planning and economics literature the introduction of such a ‘market in mobility’ would be an economically efficient way of allocating access to the scarce good of space on the roads. In this paper we draw attention to a number of ethical and political challenges to the appropriateness of the use of such a pricing mechanism in the context of urban mobility.     

ESTIMATING TEMPORAL FARM INCOME DISTRIBUTIONS USING SPATIAL SMOOTHING TECHNIQUES

The Australian Bureau of Agricultural & Resource Economics (ABARE) has conducted the annual Australian Agricultural and Grazing Industries Survey, covering the broadacre sector, in a consistent format since 1978/79. In this period the incomes of farmers have fluctuated considerably. Interest has focused on temporal income variation because of its relationship to the inherent riskiness of farming. Part of these income fluctuations can be explained by changing commodity prices and by highly variable climatic conditions. This paper outlines a method of measuring the magnitude of this income variation and how it relates to other variables. Due to rotation within the sample of farms surveyed, data are limited for determining the income variability of any particular farm. This paper, using spatial locations of surveyed farms, shows how kernel smoothing techniques can be adapted to estimate the distribution of a farm's income. This analysis uses data collected from 1978/79 to 1991/92. Summary information from these distributions is cross-tabulated against several other variables. This shows that income variability is strongly related to the production mixture of farming businesses.     

Query languages for statistical databases

Statistical database management systems keep raw, elementary and/or aggregated data and include query languages with facilities to calculate various statistics from this data. In this article we examine statistical database query languages with respect to the criteria identified and taxonomy developed in Ozsoyoglu and Ozsoyoglu (1985b). The criteria include statistical metadata and objects, aggregation features and interface to statistical packages. The taxonomy of statistical database query languages classifies them with respect to the data model used, the type of user interface and method of implementation. Temporal databases are rich sources of data for statistical analysis. Aggregation features of temporal query languages, as well as the issues in calculating aggregates from temporal data, are also examined.     

《乡村教师支持计划(2015-2020年)》实施情况的调查研究

通过问卷、访谈等方式对《乡村教师支持计划（2015-2020年）》的实施情况进行调查研究,结果发现：《乡村教师支持计划（2015-2020年）》的实施成效主要表现在乡村教师流失减少、工资待遇提高、培训机会增多、补充机制逐步完善以及教师轮岗增多五个方面;在这一计划的实施过程中也出现了五个方面的问题,主要表现为《乡村教师支持计划（2015-2020年）》知晓度低、经费投入不足、教师空缺现象依然严重、职称评聘不尽合理、激励措施乏力。据此,提出四项建议：以省级政府为主导逐级宣传相关政策,增加机动编制补充乡村学校短缺学科教师,由教育行政部门统筹组织乡村教师职称评聘,以省为单位建立乡村教师专项奖励基金,从而充分发挥教师政策的作用,努力提高政策效能。     

中国肉羊产业时空演变的特征分析

采用Logistic模型、空间基尼系数、产业集中度指数、重心模型等对我国肉羊产业时空演变特征和趋势进行了分析,结果表明：我国肉羊产业在经历了1961-1990年的缓慢积累期、1991-2000年的加速成长期和2001-2010年的快速增长期后已经于2011年进入成熟稳定期;我国肉羊产业空间集聚态势明显,同时存在较大的区域集聚差异,且随时间推移不断波动;牧区的内蒙古、新疆和农区的山东、河北、四川等几省是我国肉羊产业主产区,近年来有向粮草资源丰富的东北地区集聚的态势,东南沿海二、三产业发达地区一直以来都是我国肉羊产业非主产区;肉羊产业生产呈现出向东和向北空间集聚的态势,但生产区域的调整强度不断下降。     

土地财政与城镇化关系时空差异研究

以土地财政与城镇化的双向作用关系为切入点,选取2001-2014年的土地财政与城镇化的数据,计算中国大陆31省（市、区）土地财政与城镇化的耦合协调度,并采用聚类分析和定性与定量相结合的方法,研究土地财政与城镇化关系的时空差异。从社会经济发展情况、土地财政状况和城镇化发展水平等方面将全国31省（市、区）划分为经济和城镇化水平高、对土地财政依赖较小（高度协调）,经济和城镇化水平较高、对土地财政依赖较大（中度协调）,经济和城镇化水平较低、对土地财政依赖较大（勉强协调）以及经济和城镇化水平落后、对土地财政依赖较小（低度协调）4类区域,进而分析土地财政与城镇化关系存在时空差异的原因,针对不同区域提出优化土地财政与城镇化关系的调控政策。     

剧变中的我国留守妻子及其学术与公共政策含义

针对被广泛使用的“留守妇女冶概念的歧义,文章首先提出了“留守妻子冶概念。 2000 年以来全国人口普查和 1% 人口抽样调查资料揭示,我国留守妻子在进入 21 世纪后发生了一系列重大变化:其规模由剧增到快速减少,农村留守妻子的规模减少更早更快,留守妻子的来源地构成正在经历快速城镇化,留守妻子的居住方式类型构成正在快速直系化等。 这些变化有着重要的学术研究和公共政策含义。