Different Transitions: Timetable Failures in the Transition to School

The aim of this article was to show how transitions are constructed, and to discuss different ways of making the transition from the preschool class to first grade. The analysis is grounded in ethnographic fieldwork. Temporality is used to understand expectations about how transition should be made. The results reveal that some children made their transitions in ways that did not follow the expected timetable. These transitions can be understood as timetable failures, and needed to be made sense of by both children and teachers. These different transitions were an important part of the overall construction of transition.     

Occupational mobility of American women: Compositional and structural changes, 1980–2007

In this paper, I document trends in women's occupational mobility between 1980 and 2007 in the U.S labor market, and link these trends to two distinct sources: compositional and structural changes. In this context, compositional changes refers to the over time trends in the distributions of men and women in the occupational wage hierarchy, while structural changes are the trends in the relative standing of occupations in the wage hierarchy over time. The findings provide empirical evidence for both processes, indicating that the impressive upward occupational mobility of American women is a consequence not only of their increased access to highly paid occupations, but also of the higher wage increments in their typical occupational profiles relative to men's—a structural change not often acknowledged by sociologists.     

Income mobility among the elderly in Sweden during the 1990s

Using a large panel dataset, this article investigates the degree of, and explanatory factors for, income mobility amongst the elderly in Sweden during the 1990s. It contributes to literature on welfare indicators for the older population as it supplements the welfare picture of the income adequacy with insights into income certainty during old age. Our methodological approach is to work with the administrative register data for Sweden, and this allows us to use a reliable record of incomes for a large sample of the elderly. Results for Sweden-born and foreign-born elderly persons are analysed separately and compared with corresponding groups of people of working age. Not surprisingly, nearly all of our results indicate that the income of the older population is more stable than that of the working age population, and upward income mobility is not as usual among the elderly as among other groups. The multivariate regression analyses identify several explanatory factors affecting those elderly who experienced income mobility. Most importantly, the death of a spouse increases the probability of downward income mobility, particularly amongst women. These and other findings of this research point to triggers of income poverty in old age that should be taken into account in policies concerned with the level and indexation of retirement income of future pensioners.     

A sequential approach to testing seasonal unit roots in high frequency data

In this paper we introduce a sequential seasonal unit root testing approach which explicitly addresses its application to high frequency data. The main idea is to see which unit roots at higher frequency data can also be found in temporally aggregated data. We illustrate our procedure to the analysis of monthly data, and we find, upon analysing the aggregated quarterly data, that a smaller amount of test statistics can sometimes be considered. Monte Carlo simulation and empirical illustrations emphasize the practical relevance of our method.     

基于PSTR模型的地区间资本流动能力研究

 本文首次采用面板平滑转换模型对我国地区间资本流动能力进行了检验，考察了经济增长率、开放度和经济规模对资本流动性的影响。研究表明，我国各省FH系数具有明显的异质性，投资率和储蓄率具有显著的非线性关系。经济增长越快，FH系数越高，表明收入增长促进了本地投资；地区经济规模越大，FH系数越低，说明经济发达地区的资本流动性更大；开放度的影响不显著。本文估计出了我国各省历年的FH系数，由于受到宏观因素的冲击，各省的FH系数表现出共同变动的特征，表明宏观政策对国内资本流动具有重要的影响。     

时间和收入来源对城市居民收入分配差距的影响——对深圳市城市居民家庭收入变动性和收入来源的实证研究

 目前对中国收入分配差距的研究大多是静态的测度某一时点的居民收入不平等程度，缺乏对收入随时间变化的模式和收入来源结构的深入研究。本文使用深圳市2005年和2006年的城市居民抽样调查数据对中国城市居民家庭的收入变动性和收入来源结构进行了研究。收入变动性和收入来源多元化从本质上反映了机会公平的程度，深圳市的实证数据表明，现阶段中国城市居民的收入变动性和收入来源多元化使长期收入不平等程度小于短期收入不平等程度，家庭总收入的不平等程度小于单一收入来源的不平等程度。因此，进一步深化改革，建立完善的市场经济体系，关注机会公平是在收入分配领域构建和谐社会的有效途径。     

Family Adaptations to Income and Job Loss in the U.S.

Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, this study examines the extent to which families experience major economic setbacks and how they respond. Families that experience a substantial loss of income or work hours are more likely to cut back on expenditures, receive public assistance, experience divorce or separation, and move. No evidence that partners are able to compensate for a major income loss by increasing their work hours was found. Initial conditions, such as income and assets, the unemployment rate of the area, and race, affect how a family adapts. Families with fewer resources and those who live in areas of high unemployment are more likely to rely on public assistance, and they are less likely to move, increase the work hours of the female head of household, or cut food expenditures.     

中国城市群旅游产业竞争力爬升规律的定量模拟与验证

在经济发展进入新常态的当下,探究我国城市群的旅游产业发展态势以及旅游产业竞争力爬升规律对我国旅游产业升级和经济可持续发展具有重要意义。城市群的形成发育过程同样伴随着城市群旅游产业的发展过程,表现为随着时间推移和城市间旅游产业的“竞合博弈”,城市群旅游产业竞争力呈阶梯状攀升的演化态势。作者通过构建数理模型得出城市群旅游产业竞争力演化规律的几何表达式,并基于改进的钻石模型6项准则层构建城市群旅游产业竞争力的评价指标体系,利用CRITIC客观赋权法计算得出中国城市群各城市的旅游产业竞争力得分,使用加权平均的方法计算得出中国十九个城市群的旅游产业竞争力综合得分并进行描述性统计分析和全局时空演化分析;最后使用模拟验证的方法对中国城市群旅游产业竞争力爬升规律进行拟合验证进而探究中国城市群的旅游产业竞争力发展路径。通过上述研究,得出基本结论:中国城市群旅游产业竞争力在时间序列上呈阶梯式攀升态势,城市群中心城市不断与周边城市展开“竞合博弈”形成城市群旅游产业共同体从而促进城市群整体旅游产业竞争力的提升,但这种上升状态并不是严格规律性的,有时会出现不显著提升甚至下降的情况。截至2018年,中国城市群旅游产业竞争力均有不同程度的提高,研究中将城市群旅游产业竞争力划分为五级,随着时间序列变动,城市群旅游产业竞争力级别均有所提升;中国城市群旅游产业竞争力平均攀升速度为4.38％,其中国家级城市群的旅游产业竞争力攀升率最高,地区级城市群次之,区域级城市群旅游产业竞争力攀升率最低;中国城市群中以胡焕庸线周围的城市旅游产业竞争力最强,东部地区城市旅游产业竞争力要稍优于西部城市,基本以国家中心城市、城市群中心城市和省会城市为主的高竞争力城市向周围城市呈“阶梯式”下降。中国城市群旅游产业竞争力爬升函数曲线得到了实践验证,在城市群发展中具有普遍适用性,可采用城市群旅游产业竞争力爬升规律的函数模型分析预测中国城市群未来的旅游产业竞争力。     

Spatial–temporal model for wind speed in Lithuania

In this paper, we propose a spatial–temporal model for the wind speed (WS). We first estimate the model at the single spatial meteorological station independently on spatial correlations. The temporal model contains seasonality, a higher-order autoregressive component and a variance describing the remaining heteroskedesticity in residuals. We then model spatial dependencies by a Gaussian random field. The model is estimated on daily WS records from 18 meteorological stations in Lithuania. The validation procedure based on out-of-sample observations shows that the proposed model is reliable and can be used for various practical applications.     

A qualitative viewpoint on the Southern eurozone highly skilled labour mobility in the metropolitan area of Copenhagen in times of crisis and austerity

The paper explores patterns of skilled labour mobility from the Southern eurozone to the metropolitan area of Copenhagen by means of a qualitative micro-study. The key hypothesis is that in/outflows may not only be a consequence of the present economic crisis but may also rely on the deep-rooted, democratic-socio-cultural aspects or dissimilar policy choices of sending/hosting countries. These same aspects are expected to influence return/circular migration. In contrast to mainstream theories of international migration, this viewpoint is supported by findings which illustrate how non-economic factors can be also crucial and why enhancing beneficial return/circular migration in the Southern eurozone can be incompatible with the application of austerity.