购买服务还是政府资助--政府向社会组织购买服务的实践含义

作为政府支持社会组织参与社会服务的一种方式,购买服务往往在广义和狭义两个层面被交替使用,带来了实践中的一些理解差异。对此,文章从历史溯源、当下实践和理论分析三个角度出发,分析了这些差异,并从政策规范的角度出发,对政府购买服务的实践含义进行了探析。     

对我国粮食双层流通市场运作机制的经济学解释

与大部分商品一样,现实中的粮食市场往往也是一个多层次的流通市场,其供求关系绝非一个简单的生产者与消费者之间的单层级的市场关系,而是一个包含着生产者、消费者以及多层经销商在内的复杂的市场往来关系.基于我国现阶段粮食市场双层流通体制运作的现状与具体特征,为进一步健全与完善我国的粮食流通体制,现阶段一方面有必要打破国有粮食企业对粮食购销市场的垄断局面和以力争形成竞争、活跃的粮食流通市场;另一方面也要积极培育全国性与区域性的粮食批发市场和积极利用市场机制来配置粮食资源,大力开展省际的产销协作,鼓励产区与销区建立起长期且稳定的购销关系,支持有奈件的企业从事粮食的进出口业务.     

多次采样与希尔伯特变换

针对文献［１］提出的多次采样方法，证明了多次采样法在一定条件下等效于一种希尔伯特变换器，并用数据证明：当信号的相对带宽小于８０％时，９次采样所获得的正交分量误差可忽略。     

RNA电泳结果和Northern blot效果的关系探讨

对RNA电泳结果和Northernblot效果的关系进行了探讨，结果表明利用RNA电泳结果可判断最终Northernblot的质量。     

Clustering and combinatorial optimization in recursive supervised learning

The use of combinations of weak learners to learn a dataset has been shown to be better than the use of a single strong learner. In fact, the idea is so successful that boosting, an algorithm combining several weak learners for supervised learning, has been considered to be the best off the shelf classifier. However, some problems still exist, including determining the optimal number of weak learners and the over fitting of data. In an earlier work, we developed the RPHP algorithm which solves both these problems by using a combination of global search, weak learning and pattern distribution. In this chapter, we revise the global search component by replacing it with a cluster based combinatorial optimization. Patterns are clustered according to the output space of the problem, i.e., natural clusters are formed based on patterns belonging to each class. A combinatorial optimization problem is therefore created, which is solved using evolutionary algorithms. The evolutionary algorithms identify the “easy” and the “difficult” clusters in the system. The removal of the easy patterns then gives way to the focused learning of the more complicated patterns. The problem therefore becomes recursively simpler. Over fitting is overcome by using a set of validation patterns along with a pattern distributor. An algorithm is also proposed to use the pattern distributor to determine the optimal number of recursions and hence the optimal number of weak learners for the problem. Empirical studies show generally good performance when compared to other state of the art methods.     

中国能源消耗减物质化分析

1980-2004年中国能源消耗(生活消耗除外)出现了较大波动,本文运用完全分解模型研究了能源消耗的减物质化过程。结果表明,1980-2004年累计节能量为80790万吨标准煤,同时受国家宏观调控政策的影响,1980-2001年中国能源消耗减物质化处于波动之中,节能缺口幅度大致在1.0之内频繁波动(绝对值),2001年以后中国能源消耗减物质化出现了剧变,节能缺口急剧下降,实际节能率远远低于潜在节能率,能源供应出现了紧张局面。     

用单位产值等标污染负荷法评价区域工业污染源

在总量控制中,评价污染源对环境、对经济的影响是合理分配排放量的基础。目前等标污染负荷法是评价工业污染源的常用方法。通过对三种现有等标污染负荷计算方法的比较,指出三种方法均未能剔除行业规模对其结果的影响。基于三种方法均有缺点,故提出单位产值等标污染负荷法。以某市为例进行分析,其分析结果表明,传统方法的计算结果与污染物排放总量呈线性正相关,而单位产值等标污染负荷法则消除了行业规模的影响,能较为准确地评价污染源的环境、经济综合属性。     

Comparison of the characteristics of homes for older people in Slovenia with Goffman's concept of the total institution

The past concepts of life and work in homes for older people in Slovenia are no longer adequate to meet the needs, wishes and requirements of their current users. One of the basic premises, relying on Goffman's concept of the total institution, is that the first and foremost characteristic of homes for older people is that they are institutions. The theoretical starting point, namely that Goffman's concept of the total institution is ideal-typical, was corroborated by an investigation of the presence of elements of the total institution in Slovenian homes for older people, proving that not all features of the total institution can be found in any chosen empirical selection of institutions, with the data showing that those characteristics which are present do not exist in the ideal, that is in the most pronounced form. The homes’ users are given consideration, their personnel are adapting to their needs and requirements, even though this occurs within the functioning of an institution whose aims, i.e. to care for a large number of people living in one place, make life in such an institution subordinated to rules, along with the bureaucratisation and routinisation of services.     

福建省农业科技期刊学术影响力的评估与分析

对福建省16种农业科技期刊连续10年的总被引频次和他引率进行统计与比较。结果表明,《福建农林大学学报(自然科学版)》、《福建林学院学报》、《福建农业学报》3种学术类期刊和《福建农业科技》、《福建林业科技》2种技术类期刊具有较高的学术影响力。并对统计结果和统计方式进行了分析。     

指数分布的条件

对处于冲击环境中的系统,讨论了导致系统寿命分布是负指数分布的条件,得到许多重要结果。它们是假设系统寿命分布为负指数分布的理论依据。