网格聚类在多雷达数据融合算法中的应用

应用网格聚类的方法区分同一雷达接收的不同目标的观测数据,通过类间数据融合,实现同一目标不同雷达接收数据的融合,以便对多目标进行实时跟踪。研究了观测数据网格聚类的基本思想、形式化描述及算法实现,讨论了对机动目标跟踪的Kalman滤波方程及空管系统中易于计算的各参数矩阵理论依据及相应的初值。仿真结果表明,通过网格聚类能很好地区分不同目标,聚类后再进行跟踪融合更加准确。     

民航空管部门绩效预算运用初探

民航空管部门是保障航班空中飞行安全的事业单位,传统的预算管理模式存在着大量的资源浪费和使用低效率的现象。在民航空管部门推行绩效预算模式和建立正确的绩效考评方法,能有效抑制预算管理上存在的资源浪费和使用效率低下的现象,促进民航空管事业持续、快速、和谐地发展。     

粗集在交通事故黑点成因分析中的应用

交通事故黑点的形成原因多种多样,每一个事故多发点都有其形成的最大诱因。作为交通安全管理工作的重要任务,交通事故黑点的鉴别与改善是预防交通事故发生、减少交通事故损失的有效手段。该文针对交通事故多发点成因的复杂性和多样性,提出通过粗集来对公路交通中的不利因素进行筛选,找到形成事故多发点的最大诱因,从而有针对性地进行整治,能够有效地节约时间和费用,避免不必要的人力、物力浪费。     

An Integrated Approach for Assessing the Impact of Large-Scale Future Floods on a Highway Transport System

The negative impact of climate change continues to escalate flood risk. Floods directly and indirectly damage highway systems and disturb the socioeconomic order. In this study, we propose an integrated approach to quantitatively assess how floods impact the functioning of a highway system. The approach has three parts: (1) a multi-agent simulation model to represent traffic, heterogeneous user demand, and route choice in a highway network; (2) a flood simulator using future runoff scenarios generated from five global climate models, three representative concentration pathways (RCPs), and the CaMa-Flood model; and (3) an impact analyzer, which superimposes the simulated floods on the highway traffic simulation system, and quantifies the flood impact on a highway system based on car following model. This approach is illustrated with a case study of the Chinese highway network. The results show that (i) for different global climate models, the associated flood damage to a highway system is not linearly correlated with the forcing levels of RCPs, or with future years; (ii) floods in different years have variable impacts on regional connectivity; and (iii) extreme flood impacts can cause huge damages in highway networks; that is, in 2030, the estimated 84.5% of routes between provinces cannot be completed when the highway system is disturbed by a future major flood. These results have critical implications for transport sector policies and can be used to guide highway design and infrastructure protection. The approach can be extended to analyze other networks with spatial vulnerability, and it is an effective quantitative tool for reducing systemic disaster risk.     

论高速公路交通公示语英译

高速公路交通公示语英译中存在的翻译不准确、表达不统一和视认性不强等问题,直接威胁着行车安全,也影响国家形象。基于高速公路交通公示语自身的语言特点,应采用交际翻译策略,坚持传意、互文和简洁原则,以外国驾驶人为中心,力求信息全面准确,表达简洁规范,保证实现有效交际。     

No Accident: Traffic and Pedestrians in the Modern City

Abstract

This paper considers the rise of traffic accidents in the creation of the modern city. The notion of accidents is deconstructed. There is a brief review of current literature on mobilities and then evidence is presented of the shifting configuration of vehicle–pedestrian accidents. The epidemic of traffic accidents of cities in developing world is noted and explained. The incidence of pedestrian traffic accidents is shown to reflect socio‐economic characteristics such as age, class and status. A review of the literature provides evidence of the ways to ameliorate pedestrian injuries. Walksheds are suggested as a focus of concern. The creation of a more pedestrian‐friendly city is proposed.     

物流配送网的资源优化配置研究

基于图论中的路径优化理论提出了一种物流配送网层次表达模型,该模型以最小化运输成本为优化目的,采用不同的边和权值表示不同的配送方式,通过调整边的分布和边的权值,再利用改进的Dijkstra路由算法在动态变化的配送网络中为配送请求寻找最优运输路径。通过和其他传统配送方法的仿真比较证明层次表达模型在运输成本和配送业务的损失率上都有更好的性能。     

再论交通肇事罪的“因逃逸致人死亡“

如何理解新刑法第１３３条规定的“因逃逸致人死亡”是刑法理论和司法实践中的难点与重点。本文认为， 该规定在性质上属于情节加重犯；在适用范围上只限于因过失导致先前交通事故或二次交通事故中被害 人死亡的情况。依此结论，实践中逃逸致人死亡案件的定性将会变得明朗化。     

Performance-Related Reliability Analysis Methodology of Computer Networks

Based on the bottlenecks in current performance-related network reliability (PRNR) research, this article selects network time delay as PRNR evaluation foundation, and defines PRNR measure as the probability that the actual network delay is no bigger than the required value during network long-term operating under the specified conditions of resource allocation and network operating environment. To obtain PRNR, a novel threshold-optimization-based network traffic model is proposed to model real network traffic. In this model, the actual network traffic is divided into two different parts—a-traffic with burst characteristic, and b-traffic with steady characteristic—according to the optimized threshold value obtained with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Analysis to PRNR is carried out in two different time levels—macro-time level and micro-time level—to avoid the difficulties resulting from the great difference in reliability and performance dimension. In the macro-time level, the number of the operational network workstations varying with random failures is obtained. In the micro-time level, the packet delay is analyzed with the number of the operational workstations as a parameter. Combing the analysis in these two time levels together, the integrated PRNR model is established, and influences of different parameters are analyzed.