城市快速路最优交通控制

应用非线性最优控制方法,对含有多起点多讫点的快速路进行了建模.使用二阶宏观交通流模型,其通过路径诱导的可变信息标志来实现.控制过程是动态、非线性及离散的最优控制过程并提出了改进梯度算法.仿真实例论证所提方法有效.     

社交平台自我优待反垄断规制研究

不同于欧美科技平台以纵向发展为主,我国诸多平台以横向发展和构建平台生态系统为表征,超级平台之间以对外平台封禁和对内自我优待构成数字经济反垄断的基本样态.当前,我国反垄断法多着眼于平台间彼此封禁的研究,忽略了社交生态系统自我优待对整体市场竞争的抑制.自我优待多体现为具有支配地位的网络平台在纵向市场内所实施的具有封锁效果的行为.以投入品封锁、客户封锁为视角,分析了自我优待的不同封锁类型.已形成社交生态系统的超级平台实施自我优待行为导致平台间相互割据,迫使中小企业依附于"大型数字帝国",损害了消费者福利,扰乱了竞争秩序.针对超级平台自我优待的规制路径,竞争政策与政府管制各有其规制的特点,竞争政策应更侧重于采取预防性措施.政府规制具有举证责任减轻、破坏性小等优势,并为企业行为提供了更加明确的指导,协调两者之间的关系是未来需要进一步探索与实践的方向.     

Psychophysiological coherence training to moderate air traffic controllers’ fatigue on rotating roster

The nature of the current rotating roster, providing 24-h air traffic services over five irregular shifts, leads to accumulated fatigue which impairs air traffic controllers’ cognitive function and task performance. It is imperative to develop an effective fatigue risk management system to improve aviation safety based upon scientific approaches. Two empirical studies were conducted to address this issue. Study 1 investigated the mixed effect of circadian rhythm disorders and resource depletion on controllers’ accumulated fatigue. Then, study 2 proposed a potential biofeedback solution of quick coherence technique which can mitigate air traffic controllers’ (ATCOs’) fatigue while on controller working position and improve ATCOs’ mental/physical health. The current two-studies demonstrated a scientific approach to fatigue analysis and fatigue risk mitigation in the air traffic services domain. This research offers insights into the fluctuation of ATCO fatigue levels and the influence of a numbers of factors related to circadian rhythm and resource depletion impact on fatigue levels on study 1; and provides psychophysiological coherence training to increase ATCOs’ fatigue resilience to mitigate negative impacts of fatigue on study 2. Based on these two studies, the authors recommended that an extra short break for air traffic controllers to permit practicing the quick coherence breathing technique for 5 min at the sixth working hour could substantially recharge cognitive resources and increase fatigue resilience. Application: Present studies highlight an effective fatigue intervention based on objective biofeedback to moderate controllers’ accumulated fatigue as a result of rotating shift work. Accordingly, air navigation services providers and regulators can develop fatigue risk management systems based on scientific approaches to improve aviation safety and air traffic controller's wellbeing.     

明中后期朝廷对藏交通政策的转变及影响

明代是汉、藏交通史上承前启后的重要时期。明中后期，朝廷在内地与西藏的交通问题上发生了一次重大的政策转向，改变了朝廷使臣和藏族朝贡者以往主要由甘青故道进出青藏高原的传统，开始以途经康区的川藏道作为正驿。明中后期的川藏官道，大致路线应为：出碉门，过打箭炉，然后往北行经今天的道孚、炉霍、甘孜、德格，至昌都，最后抵达拉萨。明代汉藏交通重心南移，是明王朝根据当时政治、经济、民族关系等各方面形势的变化而作出的选择。相较西北甘青地区的动乱以及所面临的蒙古部族的威胁，川藏道途经茶叶产地，方便食茶的赏给，同时也有利于保护朝廷在西北的茶马贸易。十五世纪中叶以来，明王朝在汉藏交通问题上的政策转向，不仅改变了内地与西藏之间交通的格局，导致了汉、藏交通重心的南移，而且对青藏高原政治格局的变化，以及后世治藏政策的演变都有着深远的意义。