随机需求下联合选址-库存模型研究

研究了一类具有季节性需求特性的商品的联合选址-库存模型。在传统的无容量限制的固定费用设施选址问题中考虑了分销中心的运作库存和安全库存的影响,以及规模经济效应和风险分摊效应,同时考虑了季节性商品未来需求的不确定性,将订货决策作为模型的决策变量,建立了一类随机需求下以期望销售收益最大化为目标函数的联合选址-库存模型,拓展了已有的联合选址-库存模型。该模型是一个混合整数规划问题,给出了求解该问题的基于拉格朗日松弛算法的两阶段算法,最后通过随机生成四组不同规模的数值算例,得到的计算结果表明拉格朗日松弛算法可以有效地求解该问题。     

设施失灵风险下不确定需求应急定位-路径鲁棒优化研究

为抵御突发灾害对路网造成的破坏性和设施失灵风险,降低系统成本,并快速完成应急救援任务,本文考虑到受灾点物资需求量的不确定和风险对救援系统的影响,采用直升机进行物资运送以规避路径风险。建立了最小化应急物流系统总成本和物资到达需求点总救援时间为双目标的应急物流定位-路径鲁棒优化模型,基于相对鲁棒优化方法处理需求不确定,采用偏差鲁棒优化思想描述设施失灵风险损失,采用遗传算法进行求解。通过对三个算例进行数据仿真实验,证明了相对鲁棒优化方法在处理需求不确定和偏差鲁棒优化方法在处理设施失灵风险方面的有效性,进而为解决应急设施点的开设和救援物资的安全及时准确配送,增强应急物流系统的风险应对能力提供了有效的方法。     

灾后不确定需求下应急医疗移动医院鲁棒选址问题研究

我国灾害医学救援主要采用"现场救治"模式，应急医疗移动医院的选址是否合理直接影响救援效率，但各受灾点伤员数量的不确定性增加了决策的困难。本文引入多面体不确定集合刻画伤员数量的不确定性，同时考虑伤员分类及移动医院分型，构建一个以伤员总生存概率最大化为目标的鲁棒选址模型。利用鲁棒优化理论，将模型转化为等价的混合整数规划问题，通过GAMS软件编程并调用CPLEX求解器求解。最后，以四川芦山地震应急医疗救援为例，验证模型和求解方法的可行性和鲁棒性。结果表明，扰动比例和不确定水平对移动医院的选址和伤员的分配方案有显著影响，决策者可根据自己对不确定性风险的偏好程度选择最佳的扰动比例和不确定水平组合，以获得最优的选址分配方案。     

设施布置问题的非线性目标规划模型及其遗传算法

由于设施布置问题实际上是一个极其复杂的多约束多目标的优化问题 ,本文将其建模为一新的非线性目标规划模型。为更快更好地求解这一模型 ,本文采用了一种新的遗传算法。它不仅能有效处理不等面积及固定设施问题 ,而且有希望解决多层布置问题。     

The effects of correctional education on juvenile delinquents and the factors for their overall changes: Focusing on academic performance and family‐type environment

This study aimed to explore the effects of correctional education on juvenile delinquents at a children's self‐reliance support facility in Japan, which provides delinquents with familial environments and multidimensional, comprehensive education. The purpose of this study was to compare the youth's academic performance and resilience from the time of admission to discharge and to identify which interventions improved participants' academic performance and resilience. We examined juvenile database records and “juvenile diaries” of 283 male youth. Participants were categorized into either an Improvement Group (IG) or a No‐Improvement Group (No‐IG) based on their outcome at discharge. The results showed that their academic performance and resilient characteristics were significantly higher at discharge than at admission. Employing single logistic regression, we found that the length of stay, academic performance, and the number of visits by family and social workers were characteristics associated with membership in the IG. These findings can guide future clinical practices and measures implemented for juvenile delinquents.     

优化设施服务的网络调整费用均衡问题研究

在物流网络中,当服务设施(配送中心、大型超市等)建立后,由于设施服务水平、市场需求等因素发生变化,需要调整物流网络中各个环节的配送时间来优化设施的服务能力。调整优化的过程中既要考虑需求目标、运行费用的同时也需要考虑调整的成本。本文针对该问题,提出了优化设施服务的物流网络调整费用均衡模型,并针对单个设施的树形配送网络结构,通过辅助网络将该问题转化为最小费用流问题,给出了多项式算法。最后,文中给出了算例以及两种费用的均衡分析。     

Differences in Facilities' Acceptance of Patients Under Long-Term Care Insurance in Japan

Abstract

Objectives. In April 2000, Japan launched a public, long-term care insurance (LTCI) plan for elderly people who need support. This study describes how medical support for the elderly is delivered at LTCI care facilities in Japan now and gaps between system goals and current activity. Recommendations are made for enhancing the implementation of LTCI.

Methods. We mailed questionnaires to all health service facilities for the elderly (HSF) and special nursing homes for the elderly (SNH) located in the Kyushu area of Japan, asking whether they would accept patients with nine specific conditions.

Results. We found that HSFs, which are required to employ a full-time doctor and are reimbursed at a higher rate, accept significantly fewer patients with four conditions that need medical support than are accepted by SNHs, which are not required to employ a full-time doctor.

Discussion. In this study, we find discrepancies between system goals and current activities at LTCI care facilities. For the Japanese LTCI system to work well in the limitation of medical resources, we must understand how it really works and to reform the system continuously.     

Single facility scheduling with dual criteria: minimizing maximum tardiness subject to minimum number of tardy jobs

This paper considers the static single machine scheduling problem with the objective of minimizing the maximum tardiness of any job subject to the constraint that the total number of lardy jobs is minimum. Based on simple dominance conditions an o(n²) heuristic algorithm is proposed to find an approximate solution to this problem. The effectiveness of the proposed heuristic algorithm is empirically evaluated by solving a large number of problems and comparing them to the optimal solutions obtained through the branch and bound algorithm.     

胶东新农村景观小品的调查与创新思考

对胶东半岛新农村景观小品的现状调查,从古代与现代景观小品涵义论述,并辅以实例分析。论述古代景观小品的信仰和环境特点外,重点阐述了胶东半岛新农村景观小品的不足,从民族文化和生态技术两方面创新思考,寻找解决的办法和措施,更多地是为因地制宜的发展和民族性的景观小品创建打好基础。     

基于协商机制的零售网点布局决策模式

在分析国内零售网点布局中存在的问题及其深层次原因的基础上，提出了一个基于协商机制的零售网点布局决策模式，针对该决策模式探讨了决策支撑体系的框架。本文旨在为提高零售网点布局的科学化水平提供新的思路。