变革/交易型领导对团队创新绩效的权变影响机制——团队情绪氛围的调节作用

基于85个团队的团队领导和450名团队成员的配对数据,通过统计分析发现:当团队情绪氛围比较积极时,变革型领导与团队创新绩效正相关,交易型领导与团队创新绩效负相关;当团队情绪氛围比较消极时,变革型领导与团队创新绩效负相关,交易型领导与团队创新绩效正相关。最后,结合有关研究结果给出了相应的实践和研究建议。     

变革型领导与团队交互记忆系统:团队信任和团队反思的中介作用

具有不同知识和专长的团队成员之间的合作与协调对团队绩效非常重要。作为团队处理和组织知识的一种方式,交互记忆系统能够整合成员的分布式专长以解决团队知识协作问题,从而使团队有效运行。虽然国内外不乏对团队交互记忆系统影响因素的研究,但关于变革型领导对团队交互记忆系统的影响是现有研究欠缺的。变革型领导不仅影响团队成员的交流和互动,而且影响团队知识的获取与共享,对团队认知结构的建立和运用起着引导作用。240位企业员工的实证研究发现,变革型领导对团队交互记忆系统的专长、可信和协调维度具有显著的正向影响,团队信任和团队反思对变革型领导与团队交互记忆系统各维度的关系具有完全中介作用。     

社会转型期沿海地区农民思想状况调查与分析

随着农业结构和农村经济利益关系的重新调整,农民思想呈现出极为复杂的状况,主要表现为正面的思想和负面心态同时存在,思想的混乱就有可能导致行为的失控.本文在对沿海城市郊区进行调查基础上,对社会转型期我国沿海地区农民的思想状况进行了全方位的透视,对形成这种心态的社会、经济、政治、道德等方面的原因进行了分析,并对建设社会主义新农村条件下应如何做好农民思想工作,实现农村社会的和谐提出了政策建议.     

转换生成语言学"普遍语法"的哲学渊源和语言观

关于对人的"心智"的研究,从古希腊的一些哲学家、中世纪经院学派的语法学家,到近代的理性主义语言学派,都有过这方面的论述.在当代,持这种观点的学派无疑是乔姆斯基首创的转换生成语言学派.乔姆斯基发挥了笛卡尔关于"固有结构"的思想以及洪堡特关于"语言能力"的观点,重新提出了研究语言普遍现象的问题.生成语法不局限于对个别语言的研究,而是要揭示个别语法与普遍语法的统一性.换句话说,它不是以具体语言的描写为归宿,而是以具体语言为出发点,探索出语言的普遍规律,最终弄清楚人的认知系统、思维规律和本质属性.     

转型阶段的经济利益矛盾与和谐社会建设

我国各种经济利益矛盾,是由市场失灵、政府失灵以及市场制度缺失所造成的.但归根结底,各种经济利益矛盾基本上可以归结为政府职能的问题.向市场经济的转型是个长期的过程,其内容就是构建经济转型期的和谐社会.针对当前各种社会经济利益矛盾产生的根源,我们应该从三个个方面着手推进转型阶段的和谐社会建设:一是要正确认识和谐社会与改革发展稳定的关系;二是要选择合适的经济利益调控模式;三是要着力构建和谐社会的制度基础.     

Are transformational and laissez-faire leadership related to state anxiety among subordinates? A two-wave prospective study of forward and reverse associations

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to determine the direction of associations between perceived leadership styles of an immediate leader and state anxiety among subordinates using time-lagged data from a large and heterogeneous probability sample of Norwegian employees. It was hypothesised that high levels of transformational leadership would be associated with a decrease, whereas high levels of laissez-faire leadership would be associated with an increase, in subsequent levels of anxiety. Reciprocal associations were also expected in that higher levels of anxiety were hypothesised to be related to subsequent increase in reports of laissez-faire, and decrease in reported exposure to transformational leadership. The sample comprised 1149 Norwegian employees. The design was a two-wave full panel study with a six-month time interval between the baseline and follow-up assessments. Contrary to hypotheses, neither transformational nor laissez-faire leadership were significantly related to subsequent levels of state anxiety. In support of hypotheses, baseline low levels of state anxiety were associated with reporting the immediate leader as less transformational and more laissez-faire six months later. In conclusion, the findings challenge theoretical models that explain leadership as a one-way superior–subordinate influence process.     

Customer incivility and employee well-being: testing the moderating effects of meaning,perspective taking and transformational leadership

This study investigated factors that influence the relationship between experiencing customer incivility and the psychological well-being of employees in the service industry (N?=?215). Using the cognitive appraisal theory of stress, we identified and tested three factors that may buffer employees from the negative effects of customer incivility: finding meaning in work, perspective taking, and transformational leadership of supervisors. Transformational leadership was found to moderate the relationship between customer incivility and employee well-being. Meaning and perspective taking did not moderate the relationship between customer incivility and employee well-being, but did have a positive association with employee well-being. These findings contribute to the literature on customer incivility and suggest that organization-based resources that influence both primary and secondary appraisal, such as transformational leadership, are useful in buffering the harmful employee outcomes related to customer incivility.     

变革型领导风格对员工工作满意度影响的实证研究——以组织公平为中介变量

领导风格是影响员工工作态度的重要因素。以我国股份制商业银行的员工为研究对象,对变革型领导风格影响员工工作满意度的模型进行实证检验。结果表明变革型领导风格不仅对员工工作满意度产生显著的直接影响,而且还通过分配公平和信息公平对其产生间接影响。其中分配公平和信息公平起到了部分,而程序公平和人际公平对员工工作满意度的影响并不显著。     

经济转轨背景下改革的路径和模式选择——以中国自然垄断行业为例

经济转轨过程中,各国选择了不同的路径,从模式选择上分别出现激进式转轨模式与渐进式转轨模式。通过对两种模式的特点及绩效进行比较,结合中国改革模式选择的动因分析,我们可发现渐进式改革模式是一种符合中国国情、在市场体系不完善的条件下的必然选择。最后,以中国的自然垄断行业的改革为例,引入博弈模型,验证出自然垄断行业不能实行全部私有化的政策,而需实施渐进式改革,采用混合所有制,引入适度竞争。     

Transformational Leadership and Volunteer Firefighter Engagement

This study explores the relationship between transformational leadership and volunteer firefighter engagement. Using responses from 213 volunteer firefighters, structural equation modeling reveals a positive relationship between transformational leadership and volunteer engagement, which is mediated by both group identification and perceived social impact. In addition, higher volunteer engagement is positively related to a firefighter's intention to continue volunteering and to recruit others. Taken together, the results indicate that transformational leaders achieve positive volunteer outcomes by strengthening the organizational ties of volunteers and by connecting volunteers with the prosocial impact of their work. Theoretical implications for transformational leadership research in volunteer settings as well as practical recommendations for a sustainable volunteer management are provided.