高等教育发展趋势与高校科学定位

当前,我国高等教育的发展具有大众化、国际化、地方化、与经济社会发展一体化以及区域发展不平衡等趋势,突显出高校的科学定位已是当今时代和高校自身发展的要求。高校的科学定位必须以科学教育发展观为指导;必须遵循分类定位、服务面向、功能效益、市场竞争、比较优势等五项原则;必须着力抓好办学方向和目标、办学类型和层次、办学水平和特色等三个方面,发挥自身优势,实现现实性与超现实性的统一,抓住机遇,解放思想,敢于创新,与时俱进,办出特色,从而实现向现代化高等教育的飞跃。     

高校思想政治教育应加强大学生心理健康教育

大学生心理健康教育工作在当前具有特殊的重要性和紧迫性。中国经济的转型、社会的发展以及高等教育改革的深入,大学生心理健康教育工作也面临着新形势、新问题。高校的心理健康教育工作也只有顺应新时代,与时俱进,才能永葆青春和活力。高校教育工作者要从自身工作实践出发,对当前高校的心理健康教育工作的重要性、紧迫性等问题及其改进方法作进行研究,加强大学生心理健康教育及进一步加强高校思想政治教育工作提供参考。     

鹿特丹港口综合体长期发展的趋势与机遇

本文对有关鹿特丹港口综合体长期发展的趋势及其机遇进行了概述。这些趋势是由文献综述和对20位研究港口开发领域方面的教授的访谈中得出。笔者在此就未来十年间预期会变得愈发重要的九大趋势作了探讨。这些趋势涵括制造业与物流平台的兴起,土地利用率的提高,港区混合土地利用的增加,以及港口"区域创新体系"建设的重要性不断上升。     

Employment transitions in the Netherlands, 1980–2004: Are low educated men subject to structural or cyclical crowding out?

This article addresses whether low educated men are displaced from their jobs by higher educated workers in the Netherlands in the period 1980–2004. In particular, we test whether structural or cyclical crowding out is predominant in the Dutch labor market. In order to do so, we try to explain the observed trends in education-specific transition rates to entry into first employment from education, exit from employment into unemployment or inactivity, and re-entry into employment from unemployment or inactivity for men by both business cycle effects (that is, changes in aggregate unemployment rates) and structural effects (that is, changes in labor supply–demand ratios for high educated). Discrete-time event history models are estimated using the OSA Labor Supply Panel 1985–2004. Retrospective information enables to study trends from 1980 onwards, so that structural effects can be distinguished from cyclical effects. The results show that structural crowding out exists at both the worker in- and outflow. First of all, it was observed that a growth in the oversupply of high educated increases the employment exit risk of low educated workers more so than that of higher educated ones. In addition, it was shown that an increase in the oversupply of high educated especially reduces the re-employment chances of low educated unemployed men. There is no evidence found for cyclical crowding out among low educated workers in the Dutch labor market.     

The transition to lower fertility in the West Bank and Gaza Strip: evidence from recent surveys

Using recent data from three national-level surveys conducted in 1995, 2000, and 2004, we provide evidence that Palestinian fertility rates in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, historically among the highest in the world, began to slow especially in the West Bank, but stalled in Gaza during the recent Intifada. The TFR in the early 2000s was 4.6 per woman, down from 6.2 a decade earlier. However, most of the decline in Gaza’s fertility appears to have taken place during the early 1990s, before the onset of the second Intifada. In Gaza, the TFR decreased from 7.4 to 5.7 during the 1990s, but changed only slightly to 5.6 during the second Intifada period. Surprisingly, contraceptive prevalence has not changed during these years, and the transition to lower fertility was mainly due to changes in nuptiality. Demand for children remains high, although there is evidence of unmet need for contraception. The continuing conflict and worsening economic situation provide clues to the persistence of high fertility among Palestinian women.

Family Flexibility in Response to Economic Conditions: Fathers' Involvement in Child‐Care Tasks

Recession‐related increases in men's child care are well documented, but supporting evidence describes the last several decades of the 20th century. Changes in family life and in the association between families' economic conditions and the macro economy provide reason to question the continued existence of a “recession effect.” This article evaluates the frequency of married and cohabiting fathers' engagement in the day‐to‐day tasks of child care during the so‐called Great Recession, using data from male respondents to the 2006–2010 National Survey of Family Growth. Results indicated an increase in men's frequency of engagement in physical care and feeding, starting in 2008 and continuing into 2010. The share of men engaged in daily play fell sharply at the recession's onset but rebounded in subsequent years. These results suggest that, even with a narrowing of the gendered division of domestic labor, room remains for families to respond flexibly to economic shifts.     

Crime and perceptions after a decade of democracy

Crime has become central to any discussion about the consolidation of democracy in South Africa. Concerns about crime intensified in the years after 1994, as the country attempted to grapple with the apparent ‘crime wave’ that accompanied the transition. A decade later crime is still a priority for government and a concern among citizens, but the clamour that characterised both state and civil society responses in the early years of democracy has receded (See the article by the author in Social Indicators Research 41: 137–168, 1997). This may relate to the decrease in crime levels as reflected by various statistical sources. It is also possible that those whose voices were heard most loudly on the issue – the middle classes – have taken all available measures to protect their property and lives from crime. In all likelihood, South Africans have become accustomed to living in a violent society, and one in which other equally serious problems now require attention. Although the national obsession with crime has waned, the available data nevertheless indicate that the problem still affects many thousands of lives. The impact of crime – in terms of the costs of victimisation, negative perceptions and fear, and the cost of responding to crime – remains high for South African society. This paper considers how crime levels and perceptions about crime and safety have changed over the past decade, and what these trends tell us about the country 10 years into our democracy.     

大学科技园：历史、现状及未来趋势

大学科技园是科技人才和创新资源的聚集地,是国家创新体系的重要组成部分。以我国大学科技园为研究对象,梳理大学科技园的发展历史和现状,探索未来发展趋势;建立合作机制、加快科技成果转化,完善服务体系、提高企业孵化水平,加强多方联动、服务地方社会发展等是促进大学科技园快速发展的重要措施。     

温故现代性语境下的新时期文学思潮

西方现代性社会理论在中国改革开放的背景下进入了中国学人的视野,对新时期20年文学创作产生了影响。这期间作家走过了一个从认同到反思的过程,基于本土的特殊因素,西方的现代性社会理论就有了一个本土化的过程。结合西方的现代性社会理论,回溯中国新时期文学20年走过的里程,其目的在于建设我们自己的现代文化,重铸我们的现代精神,保持我们的民族特性。     

浅议网络文学的发展

上个世纪末,网络介入了文学生产的全过程。网络文学带来了崭新的审美方式和价值追求,实现了文学的自由发展;不过,创作主题的单一和重复使网络文学的发展思路变得狭窄,网络文学有自己的局限和不足。真正的网络文学和纸介文学应该是相通的,互补的。