德国行政裁量制度探析

行政裁量制度是德国行政法学重点研究的理论之一,也是德国司法实务中的一个重大问题。其发展经历了从一开始的单一概念,逐渐产生要件裁量和效果裁量的分类。并且随着德国行政法学界对行政权控制研究的深入,衍生出不确定法律概念的独立体系及相应的约束机制。二次世界大战后德国行政法学界以宪法为依托,不断限缩行政裁量的概念和外延,从理论和司法实务两个层面论证了对行政裁量进行司法审查的可能性和必要性,从而形成了德国现在的从宪法、行政机关自身到司法机关的多层次的行政裁量法律控制体系。     

复方地塞米松凝胶的制备与柠檬桉叶油对其透皮促进作用的研究

研究复方地塞米松磷酸钠凝胶的最佳处方及柠檬桉叶油对地塞米松磷酸钠透皮扩散作用的影响.用正交试验法对复方地塞米松凝胶制的处方进行优化;用离体家兔皮肤作为试验材料,采用药物透皮仪对凝胶中地塞米松进行透皮扩散试验,紫外分光光度法测定地塞米松透皮扩散的累积渗透量,配对t检验法验证柠檬桉叶油对地塞米松磷酸钠是否有促透作用.复方地塞米松磷酸钠凝胶的最佳处方是：地塞米松磷酸钠占1.5%,卡波姆-940占2%,柠檬桉叶油占6%,丙三醇占4%,乙醇占6%,尼泊金乙脂和三乙醇胺适量.柠檬桉叶油提高凝胶中地塞米松磷酸钠的皮肤累积渗透量和稳态渗透流量均有显著性的意义（P〈0.05）.柠檬桉叶油对地塞米松磷酸钠有透皮促进作用.     

考虑供应商产品交付水平的供应链融资策略研究

供应商产品的交付水平直接影响下游制造商的生产，但是这种现象没有得到供应链金融研究的重视。为此，本文将供应商交付水平和供应链的运营融资问题结合起来研究。在考虑供应商产品交付水平的情况下，通过研究资金不足的供应商分别利用制造商预付款融资和风险投资方股权融资时，供应商的最优运营决策和融资策略，最后考虑了供应商对两种融资方式的选择。研究结果表明，供应商的自有资金水平对供应链均衡决策及其收益影响很大，有限的自有资金严重制约了供应商产品的交付水平，降低了供应链的运作效率；不管是资金充足，还是选择融资，供应商的利润不仅与自身的运营效率有关系，而且与替代供应商产品的批发价格有很大关系，当供应商的运营效率较低时，供应商的利润随着替代供应商产品的批发价格先增大后减小，当供应商运营效率较高时，供应商的利润随着替代供应商产品的批发价格逐渐增大。当供应商进行融资时，若自有资金水平较低，应通过股权融资的方式进行融资，若自有资金水平较高，供应商应该选择制造商预付款的方式进行融资，若自有资金量超过预付款融资时供应商所需资金的阈值时，供应商选择不融资。     

托班区域材料投放的适宜性研究——基于78个托班的量表观察

区域活动是满足婴幼儿个性化发展的最佳途径,而区域材料投放的适宜性直接影响区域活动开展的质量。笔者运用量表对区域材料投放的适宜性进行观察评估,结果发现,区域材料投放质量较低。线性回归分析结果表明,教师学历、师幼比等变量对区域材料投放质量有显著影响。研究建议,国家要出台相关政策,严格把控教师学历,监控师幼比的达标程度;托班教师要增强0-3岁婴幼儿早期教育理论知识的学习,托育机构要定期开展“区域材料投放”的专题研讨活动,提高教师区域材料选择与投放的能力。     

民国农村产妇分娩救助——以新型女性医疗照顾者为中心

对民国农村产妇的分娩救助,主要以培训与普及新型女性医疗照顾者为中心来展开.有识之士在农村努力扩充助产士,以其全新"医学化"的接产形态,建构农村妇婴卫生事业建设的主要趋向."本地化"路线下的旧式产婆改造,以借力之法,实现新旧嫁接,将本处于淘汰之列的产婆群体重新纳入正规助产职业者的行列中."外行化"理念下的助产妇培训,以扩大训练范围为宗旨,进一步充实了农村基层分娩卫生系统的基础.三种模式相互叠加,对当时妇婴卫生的改良发挥了重要的作用.     

The Impact of Authority Relations and Feedback Delivery Method on Performance

ABSTRACT

The proliferation of technology has been changing feedback delivery methods in organizations. However, the effectiveness of feedback delivery methods can vary depending on social dynamics (e.g., authority relations) in the organization. The current study was designed to examine the impact of authority relations and feedback delivery methods on performance. A total of 120 participants were recruited to work on a simulated cell-phone assembly task and were exposed to one of the four feedback conditions: (a) authority figure with face-to-face feedback, (b) authority figure with e-mail feedback, (c) non-authority figure with face-to-face feedback, and (d) non-authority figure with e-mail feedback. Results showed that while both feedback delivery methods resulted in high performance with the presence of an authority figure, only face-to-face feedback resulted in high performance with a non-authority figure. Practical considerations for effective feedback delivery methods in relation to authority figures are also discussed.     

基于不确定理论的绿色供应链最优决策研究

将产品成本以及市场需求函数中的参数视为不确定变量,研究一个由制造商和零售商组成的两级绿色供应链在不确定环境下的最优产品定价和绿色度水平决策问题。分析制造商和零售商在非合作博弈下的三种均衡模式：制造商与零售商分别占主导地位时的Stackelberg均衡,以及制造商与零售商具有同等权力时的Nash均衡,并利用不确定理论给出各均衡模式下的最优策略。最后,通过数值算例对三种模式下的最优策略进行比较分析,研究表明,考虑市场环境的不确定性可以增加制造商和零售商的利润。对于制造商和零售商来说,其分别主导的Stackelberg均衡是最优的,而对于消费者而言,制造商和零售商具有同等权力时的Nash均衡策略为最优策略。此外,降低绿色产品投资系数的不确定性程度也可以提高制造商和零售商的利润。     

On the Integration of Science and Practice in College Health

Abstract

College health professionals want to assure the unique healthcare and health education needs of college students will continue to be met under national and state healthcare reform. This may be an “all or nothing” proposition. Either colleges and universities will have exclusive control of healthcare delivery for the college student population or else college health will not be a major force in healthcare reform. If college health is to play a meaningful role in future government-controlled health insurance programs, it must first demonstrate that current health services and insurance financing programs meet minimum quality standards. This proposal calls for expanding existing federal laws to create qualified student health plans and integrating the college health model into a reform package based on employer-sponsored health insurance. The concept of qualified student health plans allows for a high degree of flexibility that can be integrated into the majority of state and federal healthcare reform proposals, including the plan proposed by President Clinton, that are not based on a single-payer system. Ultimately, the authors suggest, their proposed plan would eliminate the current situation, in which large numbers of college students are uninsured or underinsured.     

A Qualitative Exploratory Study on the Service Delivery System for the New Long-Term Care Insurance System in Korea

ABSTRACT

To cope with the rapid growth in its aging population, the Korean government introduced a new social long-term care insurance (LTCI) system for elderly people beginning in July 2008. This study aims to understand how National Health Insurance Corporation (NHIC) staff and home-visiting service providers experienced and evaluated the new service delivery system. A total of 26 semistructured in-depth interviews were conducted with NHIC staff primarily responsible for the functional assessment of the elderly and the home-visiting service providers responsible for providing direct services to elderly clients. In summary, interviewees had negative experiences with the new service delivery system such as difficulties in carrying out their roles. The findings suggest that Korea's new LTCI service delivery system faces challenges and that a more active role for the Korean government, especially regarding the introduction of a proper care management system, is needed to address the issues. Future research with larger sample sizes is needed to examine and understand the issues in detail.     

The meaning of nonprofit advocacy: An ordonomic perspective

Orthodox economic theories of the nonprofit sector are focused on its service delivery role but have little to say about nonprofit advocacy. This study explains nonprofit advocacy by building upon the ordonomic approach, a recently developed strand of institutional economics that explores the interdependencies between institutions and ideas. From the ordonomic perspective, the evolution of a modern society occurs through an ongoing realignment between institutions and ideas. The meaning of nonprofit advocacy is shown to be in contributing to this realignment. This leads to a new understanding of the service delivery role of the nonprofit sector. This role is shown to have a compensatory character in that it is intended to maintain a reasonable quality of human life before the time-consuming ideational and institutional adjustments actually take place.