盈余管理与税费负担——基于会计差错更正数据的分析

基于中国的市场特征与制度特征,利用会计差错更正数据,考察了盈余管理与税费负担之间的关系。研究发现,我国上市公司盈余管理的基本目标是虚增盈余,但大部分虚增盈余的公司并没有对此承担额外的税费,相反却虚减了纳税申报,公司会计行为缺乏必要的税收约束;公司几乎不可能为了降低税收来进行虚减盈余的盈余管理,相反,虚假降低税负有可能沦为虚增盈余的手段。这种现象揭示通过税会差异分析,可以有效探测公司盈余管理行为,评价会计信息质量,促进公司足额申报税费,从而为资本市场监管者、投资者、注册会计师以及税务部门决策提供基本考察工具。     

考虑需求异常扰动和管理者损失厌恶行为的能力结构投资模型

本文在需求异常扰动的情境下,研究了运作系统专有和柔性能力结构的投资决策模型,并在数理上证明和比较了管理者两种不同风险感知情况下的能力结构比率决策问题。研究表明:在需求异常扰动发生概率、扰动分布参数以及柔性扩张系数影响下,风险中性和存在损失厌恶行为的管理者在柔性能力投资决策上存在明显的差异,依据缺货损失程度采取的补贴或惩罚机制可以改善损失厌恶管理者的柔性能力投资决策偏差。     

论课堂突发事件对教师专业发展的促进作用

课堂突发事件常被视为中断教学进程的干扰，令教师避之不及。实际上，作为教师课堂教学生活意料之外的遭遇，它具有磨练职业心态、激发教学反思、促进自我实现等作用。教师处理课堂突发事件的过程，可视为非连续性教育的过程。这种非连续性教育具有不确定性、非连续性、转折性、排他性等特征，需经过遭遇、震惊、反思、领悟四个阶段。要充分发挥课堂突发事件对教师专业发展的促进作用，就需要教师提高认识，拓宽视野，提升专业判断力。     

MD&A纵向文本相似度与分析师盈余预测准确性

注册制下,信息的真实、准确、完整是投资者合理判断证券价值的关键,分析师在信息作用于股价这一过程中扮演着重要的信息中介角色,而年报所披露的信息对分析师盈余预测至关重要。以2012—2021年沪深A股上市公司为样本,探究了管理层讨论与分析(MD&A)纵向文本相似度对分析师盈余预测准确性的影响。研究发现,MD&A纵向文本相似度越高,分析师盈余预测准确性越低,证实了“增量信息”假说。异质性分析表明,这种影响显著存在于规模小、高科技行业、媒体关注度低的公司中,并且公司位于市场化程度低省份时受此影响更大。进一步研究发现,MD&A纵向文本相似度越高,分析师盈余预测的正向偏差越大。此外,分析师盈余预测准确性的下降会进一步降低资本市场的信息效率。因此,上市公司应重视文本信息披露,避免披露内容样板化;分析师和监管部门应加强对上市公司文本信息披露的监督,优化资本市场信息环境。     

基于分类转移的盈余管理研究——来自中国上市公司的经验证据

党组织对管理层行为和公司经营的影响是公司治理研究的重要内容。采用混合所有制企业数据,就党组织对分类转移盈余管理的治理效用及其影响机制进行实证检验,结果发现,党组织能够通过现有的领导体制对分类转移盈余管理产生显著抑制作用,且这种抑制作用会因党组织嵌入企业的方式、企业股权性质和时间窗口的差异而有所不同。这一结果不仅验证了党组织在影响企业行为方面的重要作用,为明晰党组织在企业中发挥作用的路径以及党组织在国有企业与非国有企业中的治理效用对比提供了有效反馈,而且丰富了分类转移盈余管理影响因素的相关研究,为企业完善内部制度和消除制度诱因提供了有益探索。

     

Divorce, Educational Attainment, and the Earnings Mobility of Sons

This article uses matched pairs of sons and their parents from the National Longitudinal Surveys: Old Cohort Databases to investigate the relationship between the marital history of parents, educational attainment, and intergenerational correlations in earnings. The research indicates that patterns of intergenerational earnings mobility vary with divorce. Sons from families whose divorced parents had relatively low earnings have a greater chance of having low earnings themselves. The research also shows that much of the variation in earnings mobility can be explained by lower educational attainment for children from divorced families. This finding highlights the importance of designing policies to assist the educational attainment of those most likely to be affected by divorce.     

Her earnings: Exploring variation in wives’ earning contributions across six major Asian groups and Whites

Previous research on understanding race-ethnic differentials in employment and economic contributions by married women has primarily focused on Blacks, Hispanics, or Whites. This study investigates variations in wives’ earning contributions as measured by wives earnings as a proportion of total annual household earnings among six Asian groups, Asian Indian, Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese relative to native born non-Hispanic White. I disaggregate the six Asian groups by their ethnicity and nativity status. Using pooled data from 2009–2011 American Community Survey, the findings show significance of human capital, hours of paid labor market engagement and nativity status. There is strong and negative association between husbands’ human capital and labor supply with wives’ earning contributions suggesting near universality of male-breadwinner status. Notwithstanding the commonalities, there is significant intergroup diversity. While foreign born and native born Filipina wives despite their spouses’ reasonably high human capital and work hours, contribute one of the highest shares, the same cannot be said for the Asian Indians and Japanese. For foreign born Asian Indian and to some extent Japanese women, their high human capital is not translated to high earning contribution after controlling for husband’s human capital. Further, nativity status impacts groups differentially. Native born Vietnamese wives contribute the greatest. Overall, the findings underscore the relevance of employing multiple conceptual frameworks in understanding earning contributions of foreign and native born Asian wives belonging to the six Asian groups, Asian Indian, Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese.     

How Do Children Matter? A Comparison of Gender Earnings Inequality for Young Adults in the Former East Germany and the Former West Germany

The former Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) and the former German Democratic Republic (East Germany) differed sharply in their family policies. We follow 1950s and early 1960s birth cohorts from their first jobs to 1989 to see in what ways having children affected earnings for women and men. For the FRG, we find that being a parent had stronger earnings effects (positive for men and negative for women) than in the GDR, with much of this impact mediated by employment hours for women. This does not mean that having children was unimportant for women's and men's earnings in the GDR, but it indicates that the less variable life course led to more society‐wide than individual‐level impact. Further, in the East, some young women balanced family and employment by taking jobs below their qualifications, and this reduced their earnings.     

中国上市公司冗余资源与盈余管理实证研究

选取我国2008—2017年A股上市公司作为研究对象,探讨冗余资源和盈余管理之间的关系。研究结果表明:在其他条件不变的情况下,非沉淀性冗余资源和盈余管理之间呈显著的非线性关系,应计盈余管理与非沉淀性冗余资源呈现正U型关系;真实盈余管理与非沉淀性冗余资源呈现倒U型关系;盈余管理和沉淀性冗余资源无显著性关系;应计盈余管理和真实盈余管理之间存在反向替代关系。     

从收入、费用确认看上市公司盈余管理

随着我国资本市场的不断发展和上市公司规模的不但扩大,盈余管理已成为财务会计领域亟待探讨和研究的课题之一.收入、费用作为会计盈余多少的两大直接决定因素,常被盈余管理者所偏爱,可以从收入和费用的确认这一角度来探讨如何进行盈余管理.