ATM跨行交易独立定价与联合定价比较研究

通过构建博弈模型研究单向接入与双向接入下ATM跨行交易定价机理,比较独立定价与联合定价下跨行交易手续费的差异.研究发现:1)在独立决策下,银行或独立ATM运营机构(IAD)均采用基于平均取款成本的加价模式制订交换费,其中加价以持卡人的单位交通成本为基础;2)不管是独立决策抑或联合决策,规模越大的银行倾向于制订越高的跨行交易手续费,跨行交易手续费以持卡人的单位交通成本为加项,但以开户行与代理行的成本差为减项;3)在单向接入下,联合制订的交换费是社会有效的边际成本定价;4)在双向接入下,联合制订的交换费遵循Ramsey定价原理,即等于所有银行提供全部跨行交易服务的平均成本,当持卡人的单位交通成本较高时,联合决策可以降低双向交换费.     

ATM 跨行交易独立定价与联合定价比较研究

通过构建博弈模型研究单向接入与双向接入下ATM 跨行交易定价机理,比较独立定价与联合定价下跨行交易手续费的差异。研究发现： 1) 在独立决策下,银行或独立 ATM 运营机构( IAD) 均采用基于平均取款成本的加价模式制订交换费,其中加价以持卡人的单位交通成本为基础; 2) 不管是独立决策抑或联合决策,规模越大的银行倾向于制订越高的跨行交易手续费,跨行交易手续费以持卡人的单位交通成本为加项,但以开户行与代理行的成本差为减项; 3) 在单向接入下,联合制订的交换费是社会有效的边际成本定价; 4) 在双向接入下,联合制订的交换费遵循 Ｒamsey 定价原理,即等于所有银行提供全部跨行交易服务的平均成本,当持卡人的单位交通成本较高时,联合决策可以降低双向交换费。     

Demand and Production Management with Uniform Guaranteed Lead Time

Recently, innovation‐oriented firms have been competing along dimensions other than price, lead time being one such dimension. Increasingly, customers are favoring lead time guarantees as a means to hedge supply chain risks. For a make‐to‐order environment, we explicitly model the impact of a lead time guarantee on customer demands and production planning. We study how a firm can integrate demand and production decisions to optimize expected profits by quoting a uniform guaranteed maximum lead time to all customers. Our analysis highlights the increasing importance of lead time for customers, as well as the tradeoffs in achieving a proper balance between revenue and cost drivers associated with lead‐time guarantees. We show that the optimal lead time has a closed‐form solution with a newsvendor‐like structure. We prove comparative statics results for the change in optimal lead time with changes in capacity and cost parameters and illustrate the insights using numerical experimentation.     

Weighted Approximations to Continuous Time Martingales with Applications

A weighted approximation to a sequence of continuous time martingales by a time transformed Wiener process is established. The basic tool of proof is the Skorohod imbedding for martingale difference sequences. As an application of the main result a useful weighted approximation to the randomly weighted uniform empirical process is derived. A number of other applications are also discussed.     

Asymptotic Minimax Risk for the White Noise Model on the Sphere

Estimation of an unknown function on the unit sphere of the Euclidean space is considered. The function is observed in Gaussian continuous time white noise. Uniform norm is chosen as a loss function and exact asymptotic minimax risk is derived extending the result of Korostelev (1993). The exact asymptotic minimax risk is also given for the L ₂-loss, applying the result of Pinsker (1980).     

利率市场化条件下农村信用社贷款定价设计

在利率市场化条件下如何合理确定贷款价格,是当前中国农村信用社面临的主要难题之一。其服务对象是农户及农业生产,而农业是弱势产业,农村的担保和保险等中介机构均不发达,员工素质相对不高,内部控制制度落实不到位,会计数据不准,如果直接使用国外常用的利率定价方法,许多项目无法获得准确数据。在对商业银行贷款利率定价方式、利率定价机制存在的问题,以及国外银行常用贷款利率定价方法进行分析的基础上,针对中国农村信用社贷款的具体特点设计出一种新的贷款利率定价方法——基准利率加成定价法,阐述其设计内涵并提出相关建议。     

Behavior in Multi‐Unit Demand Auctions: Experiments with Uniform Price and Dynamic Vickrey Auctions

We experimentally investigate the sensitivity of bidders demanding multiple units of a homogeneous commodity to the demand reduction incentives inherent in uniform price auctions. There is substantial demand reduction in both sealed bid and ascending price clock auctions with feedback regarding rivals' drop‐out prices. Although both auctions have the same normal form representation, bidding is much closer to equilibrium in the ascending price auctions. We explore the behavioral process underlying these differences along with dynamic Vickrey auctions designed to eliminate the inefficiencies resulting from demand reduction in the uniform price auctions.     

An Adaptive,Rate‐Optimal Test of a Parametric Mean‐Regression Model Against a Nonparametric Alternative

We develop a new test of a parametric model of a conditional mean function against a nonparametric alternative. The test adapts to the unknown smoothness of the alternative model and is uniformly consistent against alternatives whose distance from the parametric model converges to zero at the fastest possible rate. This rate is slower than n^−1/2. Some existing tests have nontrivial power against restricted classes of alternatives whose distance from the parametric model decreases at the rate n^−1/2. There are, however, sequences of alternatives against which these tests are inconsistent and ours is consistent. As a consequence, there are alternative models for which the finite‐sample power of our test greatly exceeds that of existing tests. This conclusion is illustrated by the results of some Monte Carlo experiments.     

Determining the Number of Factors in Approximate Factor Models

In this paper we develop some econometric theory for factor models of large dimensions. The focus is the determination of the number of factors (r), which is an unresolved issue in the rapidly growing literature on multifactor models. We first establish the convergence rate for the factor estimates that will allow for consistent estimation of r. We then propose some panel criteria and show that the number of factors can be consistently estimated using the criteria. The theory is developed under the framework of large cross‐sections (N) and large time dimensions (T). No restriction is imposed on the relation between N and T. Simulations show that the proposed criteria have good finite sample properties in many configurations of the panel data encountered in practice.     

Ambiguity,Risk, and Asset Returns in Continuous Time

Models of utility in stochastic continuous–time settings typically assume that beliefs are represented by a probability measure, hence ruling out a priori any concern with ambiguity. This paper formulates a continuous–time intertemporal version of multiple–priors utility, where aversion to ambiguity is admissible. In a representative agent asset market setting, the model delivers restrictions on excess returns that admit interpretations reflecting a premium for risk and a separate premium for ambiguity.