随机负债条件下基于连续扩散过程的信用违约互换定价问题

在参考实体公司的资产价值和负债都服从几何布朗运动的假定下,考虑资产价值与负债的相关风险,并采用风险中性定价方法,建立了一个基于连续扩散过程的信用违约互换定价模型.利用Fortet方法估计出了违约概率,据此进一步给出了信用违约互换的定价公式.     

Competitive Pricing in a Multi‐Product Multi‐Attribute Environment

We address the problem of simultaneous pricing of a line of several products, both complementary products and substitutes, with a number of distinct price differentiation classes for each product (e.g., volume discounts, different distribution channels, and customer segments) in both monopolistic and oligopolistic settings. We provide a generic framework to tackle this problem, consider several families of demand models, and focus on a real‐world case‐study example. We propose an iterative relaxation algorithm, and state sufficient conditions for convergence of the algorithm. Using historical sales and price data from a retailer, we apply our solution algorithm to suggest optimal pricing, and report on numerical results.     

PRICING AUSTRALIAN S&P200 OPTIONS: A BAYESIAN APPROACH BASED ON GENERALIZED DISTRIBUTIONAL FORMS

This paper develops a new class of option price models and applies it to options on the Australian S&P200 Index. The class of models generalizes the traditional Black‐Scholes framework by accommodating time‐varying conditional volatility, skewness and excess kurtosis in the underlying returns process. An important property of these more general pricing models is that the computational requirements are essentially the same as those associated with the Black‐Scholes model, with both methods being based on one‐dimensional integrals. Bayesian inferential methods are used to evaluate a range of models nested in the general framework, using observed market option prices. The evaluation is based on posterior parameter distributions, as well as posterior model probabilities. Various fit and predictive measures, plus implied volatility graphs, are also used to rank the alternative models. The empirical results provide evidence that time‐varying volatility, leptokurtosis and a small degree of negative skewness are priced in Australian stock market options.     

差异化医保下的双层医疗系统定价方案分析

在差异化医保的背景下,研究存在政府引导的双层医疗系统定价问题。构建独立决策和医联体共同决策的定价模型,通过对比两种决策方案下的系统成员收益来制定最优定价策略,同时探讨医院间治疗水平差距对于系统收益的影响。结果表明:提高社区医院的治疗水平不一定使患者收益增加,提升三甲医院的医疗能力才能使医疗机构收益及患者收益提升;仅当两医院间治疗差距较大时才能形成医联体,但却不一定对系统成员有利;同时,医联体模式“降价不提质”,大多数情况下独立定价反而是最优的定价方案。     

权证的杠杆效应研究——基于双对数模型的实证检验分析

利用Black—Scholes期权定价格公式从理论上分析权证的杠杆效应,然后运用双对数模型对我国市场中权证的杠杆效应进行实证性检验分析,得出结论:我国市场中的交易权证的杠杆效应与理论分析基本相符,但是某些权证存在被恶性操纵的情况,这些权证在后市中可能存在较大的风险。     

软件产品的定价策略

从分析软件产品具有不同于一般商品的特点入手,探讨了软件产品常用的几种定价策略。     

Dynamic Pricing in the Presence of Myopic and Strategic Consumers: Theory and Experiment

We investigate retailers’ dynamic pricing decisions in a stylized two‐period setting with possible supply constraints and demand from both myopic and strategic consumers. We present an analytical model and then test its predictions in a behavioral experiment in which human subjects played the role of pricing managers. We find that the fraction of strategic consumers in the market systematically moderates the optimal pricing structure. When this fraction exceeds a certain threshold, the retailer offers relatively small late season markdowns to discourage strategic consumers from waiting and to incentivize them to buy during the early season; otherwise, the retailer offers relatively large markdowns to divert all strategic consumers to the late season, where the majority of revenue is made. Our model analyses suggest that the latter policy is optimal under fairly broad conditions. Our experiment shows that after some significant learning, aggregate behavior is able to approximate the key qualitative predictions from our model analysis, with one notable deviation: in the presence of a mixture of myopic and strategic consumers, subjects act somewhat myopically – they underprice and oversell in the main selling season, which significantly limits their ability to generate revenue in the markdown season.     

论关联企业的纳税筹划

纳税筹划是企业在市场经济条件下的权利，并能帮助企业实现财务利益的最大化。关联企业在合法的前提下进行纳税筹划，以达到提高经济效益、增强企业竞争力的目的。通过对关联企业和关联交易行为的研究，提出在购销行为、资金融通和资产重组三种关联交易关系中，在相应的转移价格、借贷融资和融资租赁、企业的合并分立以及资产的转移等方面，进行纳税筹划的具体方法。     

A simulation study on the influence of ties on uniform scores test for circular data

Uniform scores test is a rank-based method that tests the homogeneity of k-populations in circular data problems. The influence of ties on the uniform scores test has been emphasized by several authors in several articles and books. Moreover, it is suggested that the uniform scores test should be used with caution if ties are present in the data. This paper investigates the influence of ties on the uniform scores test by computing the power of the test using average, randomization, permutation, minimum, and maximum methods to break ties. Monte Carlo simulation is performed to compute the power of the test under several scenarios such as having 5% or 10% of ties and tie group structures in the data. The simulation study shows no significant difference among the methods under the existence of ties but the test loses its power when there are many ties or complicated group structures. Thus, randomization or average methods are equally powerful to break ties when applying uniform scores test. Also, it can be concluded that k-sample uniform scores test can be used safely without sacrificing the power if there are only less than 5% of ties or at most two groups of a few ties.     

供应链联合促销与定价

本文研究供应商和销售商合作促销与定价。考虑由一个供应商和一个销售商组成的供应链,供应商向销售商提供产品,销售商销售该产品。需求既依赖于产品的价格,同时又受销售商所付出的销售努力的影响。在这种情形下,我们设计出使供应链达到合作的数量折扣合约,该合约具有参数简单,管理费用低等优点。