A brief moment of glory: the impact of the therapeutic community movement on the drug treatment systems in the UK

The introduction of concept-based therapeutic communities, based upon the model pioneered by Charles Dederich with the Synanon community in California, was a significant development in the evolution of drug treatment provision in the UK. For a short period in the 1970s, these communities enjoyed unparalleled influence in the development and direction of treatment approaches across the whole spectrum of services. This article considers the developments in psychiatry and social care that prepared the ground for that phenomenon. In addition, the article considers the subsequent demise in the importance of therapeutic communities to the direction of drug policy and the implications that this might have for future development of residential treatment services.     

虚拟企业知识管理框架研究

通过对虚拟企业的知识及其流动的探讨,提出并建立了一个能促进各成员企业内部以及各成员企业之间知识共享、知识流动和知识互动的知识管理框架。该框架以成员企业知识管理框架为基础,是成员企业知识管理框架的集成。     

基于网络经济的高技术虚拟企业规模经济分析

实行垂直一体化和多元化经营的大企业可以实现古典和新古典经济学所描述的具有成本优势的规模经济。现代网络经济要求规模经济不仅要具有成本优势,还应具有速度和产品差异上的优势。由一些高科技中小企业各自贡献其核心能力而形成的高技术虚拟企业,可以满足现代市场的新要求,形成了具有速度性和产品差异化优势的规模经济。     

语义web服务在虚拟企业伙伴发现中的应用

随着市场竞争的加剧，虚拟企业正逐渐成为企业间合作的重要模式之一。在虚拟企业构建过程中，伙伴发现是一个重要环节。以虚拟培训行业为背景，研究了语义web服务在虚拟企业伙伴发现中的应用，构建了适用于虚拟培训企业的本体模型，提出了基于语义的服务匹配框架和检索流程。     

Mass Customization in the Automotive Industry: Comparing Interdealer Trading and Reconfiguration Flexibilities in Order Fulfillment

Mass customization has been viewed as desirable but difficult to achieve in the volume automotive sector. Here we consider flexibility in automotive order fulfillment systems to enhance the ability to satisfy customers with their desired vehicle variants within acceptable delivery lead times. Two types of flexibility are compared in a Virtual‐Build‐to‐Order system—reconfiguration in the planning pipeline and interdealer trading. A representative simulation model is used to investigate the impact of the two types of flexibility across a wide spectrum of product variety levels. The impacts on major stakeholders in the system—the producer, dealers, and customers—are considered. The study shows that both types of flexibilities can bring significant benefits in terms of reductions in lead time and inventory holding. The level of product variety strongly influences the observed effects—an important finding in the mass customization context. Upstream reconfiguration flexibility brings greater benefits than downstream trading flexibility. Reconfiguration tends to dominate trading as a fulfillment mechanism when both are in operation. The findings have implications for the design and management of automotive order fulfillment systems in improving their ability to offer mass customization. The study has relevance for companies in other sectors with high levels of variety that seek to combine efficiency, speed, and flexibility in order fulfillment.     

虚拟实践:人类新的实践形式

虚拟实践作为一种新的实践形式,是指主体使用数字化中介手段在虚拟空间进行的实践。实践手段的“数字化”,是虚拟实践突破以往实践的局限,并崛起为一种新型实践形态的基石和标志。虚拟实践不仅促进了人类认识方式、思维方式、生存方式、价值观念的变革,而且也正在强有力地改变着我们的生活和时代。虚实交融将构成未来人类生存和发展的新方式。     

数字世界史:有关前提、范式及适用性的思考

“数字世界史”,是指从信息视角出发,依托特定的信息化技术平台,以数字化和信息化理念、手段及方法,对人类社会历史活动演变过程进行动态标记、整体表述和因果关系重现的综合性系统研究,并以虚拟复原方式对所获成果提供应用接口的全新世界史范式。该范式确立之目的在于,关注时空变迁中诸历史要素的关联融合,侧重历史研究各类成果的动态整合,以适应21世纪信息社会发展对历史鉴戒之需要。     

虚拟企业核心竞争机制中的战略行为关系

战略行为关系概念最早是由美国人简·霍普兰德和管理学家罗杰·奈格尔提出的[’〕。之后有不少学者也对战略行为关系进行了研究:1984年,van de ven和walke:从权力一依赖理论[2〕、1955年,迈克尔·波特从价值链的角度[’〕、1985年,wil- liamson和Oliver从以“交易成本”为基     

农产品贸易中的虚拟资源理论研究进展评述

研究结果表明,国内外学者对农产品贸易中虚拟水的研究相对较为深入,对农产品贸易中虚拟耕地的研究主要由我国学者开展,集中于粮食等耕地密集型农作物领域,而把虚拟水、虚拟耕地两者相结合对虚拟资源进行定义并对其应用进行综合研究还处于起步阶段。建议今后对农产品贸易中虚拟资源理论的研究应注重以下几个方面:结合虚拟水、虚拟耕地相关研究构建虚拟资源理论体系;加强农产品贸易中虚拟资源流动带来的经济效益研究;注重虚拟资源理论的实用性研究;在粮食安全的前提下开展虚拟资源的相关研究。     

本土、异域、虚拟世界——清末民初小说的三重叙事空间

纵观清末民初的小说,可以看到其叙事空间方面的鲜明特点:首先是小说描写的国内本土空间的空前扩张;其次是小说广泛地拓展了国外异域空间;另外,小说呈现了一个丰富多元的超现实的虚拟空间。这些精心设置和呈现的叙事空间,从文学史意义而言,不仅使得我国古代小说叙事空间达到了前所未有的拓展和深入,而且在我国小说发展史上起着承前启后的作用。