论乡村社区组织中公共权力的合理性——以明清时期山西地区农村水利基层管理组织为例

本文以明清时期山西地区的农村基层水利管理组织为例,从公共权力起源,维护个人权利和提供社区公共空间三个方面探讨了在传统乡村社区组织中公共权力存在的作用,为我们理解乡村社区中公共权力的存在和运作的合理性提供了一个新的视角。     

静磁场作用下的水的性质改变

通过实验研究了静磁场作用下对水粘度、电导率和接触角的变化。结果表明,在静磁场作用下,水的粘度随磁场作用时间的增长而降低;同时,磁场强度越大,粘度降低得越快。水的电导率随磁场作用时间的增加而增加;水在铜表面上接触角减小了大约0.4°,在石墨表面接触角减小了大约2.4°。并得到了水在磁场作用下,发生上述性质改变的原因在于磁场影响了水中的氢键。     

φ3200机械式过滤器水帽安装板的 设计及制造工艺分析

以某容器生产厂设计制造的φ3200机械式过滤器水帽安装板为对象，分析 其结构特点、强度设计、制造工艺，以及在制造过程中遇到的问题，并提出改进方 案.     

水神感生神话的原型与生成背景

相当大一部分感生神话具有一种共同性,即女子感应的对象尽管多种多样,如雷、电、风、月、虹、气、龙、蛇、长人等,但他们都有着共同的水神神性,同属于水神家族。本文称这类神话为水神感生神话。水神感生神话中的各种神话之所以具有共同性,是因为它们出于一个共同的原型——女子感水生子神话。水神感生神话只是用各种水神替代了女子感水生子神话中的水。说到底,水神感生神话的产生与水生命信仰有关,所以这类神话的最初源头可以追溯到水生型创世神话。     

Application of Monitoring Data forGiardia andCryptosporidium to Boil Water Advisories

Despite the problems associated with analyzing water samples for Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts, the data can be very useful if their strengths and weaknesses are understood. Two municipalities in northern Ontario, Temagami and Thunder Bay, both issued boil water advisories for Giardia contamination. Data from these two cities are compared to show that only one municipality experienced a real outbreak, whereas the other did not. The concentration of Giardia cysts was much higher than background during the outbreak at Temagami, and the postoutbreak concentrations of cysts were very similar to the long-term average cyst concentration at Thunder Bay. The waterborne outbreak of giardiasis at Temagami was characterized by consistent positive results from water samples, concentrations two to three orders of magnitude higher than normal, and an obvious increase in the number of cases of giardiasis in the population. No outbreak was experienced at Thunder Bay, but a boil water advisory (BWA) was set in place for more than a year on the basis of a single sample from Loch Lomond in which only two cysts were detected but the sample equivalent volume was low. This gave the impression of a sudden increase in concentration, but 39 of 41 subsequent samples were negative. Additional factors that led to a BWA at Thunder Bay are described, and recommendations are presented to help determine when a BWA is necessary and when it should be rescinded.     

Effects of Etiological Agent and Bather Shedding of Pathogens on Interpretation of Epidemiological Data Used to Establish Recreational Water Quality Standards

The overall goal of the study reported herein was to use techniques in the field of risk assessment (specifically a state-space population dynamic model of disease transmission within recreational waters) to explore the relative significance of (1) active shedding of microorganisms from bathers themselves, and (2) the type and concentration of etiological agent on the observed heterogeneity of the incidence of illness in epidemiological studies that have been used to develop ambient water quality criteria. The etiological agent and corresponding dose ingested during recreational contact was found to significantly impact the observed incidence of illness in an epidemiological study conducted in recreational water. In addition, the observed incidence of illness was found not to necessarily reflect background concentrations of indicator organisms, but rather microorganisms shed during recreational contact. Future revisions to ambient water quality criteria should address the etiological agent, dose, and the significance of microbial shedding relative to background concentrations of pathogens and indicator organisms in addition to the incidence of illness and concentration of indicator organisms. Without a quantitative assessment of these additional variables, study findings may potentially be site specific and not representative of the health risks associated with specific indicator concentrations in all recreational waters.     

青州沙溪特大桥水中墩双壁钢围堰施工技术

由于水中墩双壁钢围堰施工难度相对较大，施工过程的控制比较麻烦，因而应根据工程地质状况及技术条件决定采用与否。介绍了青州沙溪特大桥水中墩双壁矩形钢围堰的施工过程，包括钢围堰的制作、拼装过程，墩位清基与基床整平过程，浮运及定位下沉过程，钢平台搭设及钢护筒沉放等过程。     

高含NaAc废水综合利用试验研究

某制药厂排放的废水ＮａＡｃ 含量较高，本试验采用廉价的硫酸等进行反应，综合回收醋酸、硫酸钠，反应残留母液还可制成缓蚀剂．既有经济价值又避免环境污染．     

国外流域水资源管理模式演进及对我国的借鉴意义

通过回顾国外流域水资源管理模式的演进历程，联系国外水资源管理理论与实践背景，对其管理模式、管理政策与管理方法的科学性和有效性进行了评析。研究和总结了国外水资源管理的未来发展趋势和经验教训，在分析我国水资源管理现状的基础上，系统地讨论了国外水资源管理模式与方法对我国未来水资源管理的借鉴意义。     

Safe drinking water and satisfaction with environmental quality of life in some oil and gas industry impacted cities of Nigeria

The availability and safety of drinking water and the environmental quality of life was investigated in five cities located in an oil-producing area of Nigeria using questionnaire-based scales, discussion and laboratory tests. Polythene-packaged sachet water and commercial and non-commercial private boreholes largely met the drinking water requirement of the cities. Consumption of sachet water was high (14.0–20.0 points vs. 25.0 points) but regression analysis indicated strong negative relationships with income group (β = −0.75, P < 0.005) and educational level (β = −0.77, P < 0.005) of respondents (658). Private borehole water was prevalent (18.7–19.9 vs. 20.0) while public water supplies were almost non-existent (4.8–5.6 vs. 20.0) in the cities. Vulnerability to contamination in all water sources was indicated following unacceptable counts of total and faecal coliform bacteria in 10–62.5 and 3–25% of samples, respectfully. Respondents were not satisfied with environmental quality of life indicated by the quality of housing, school, health services, refuse disposal, recreation, streetlight, transport and police (3.43–4.01 vs. 10). It is concluded that modernization and industrialization due to the oil and gas industries, tended to increase individualization to the negligence of common services as evidenced by the preponderance of private boreholes and sachet water.