'Text-work' in Research Ethics Review: The significance of documents in and beyond committee meetings

ABSTRACT

This article analyzes how a formal text (the Ethics Review Form) available at National Health Service Research Ethics Committees (NHSRECs) in the United Kingdom was used in meetings. Derived from the work of Dorothy Smith on incorporating texts into institutional ethnography (IE), it proposes the concept of “text work” as a way into understanding more about decision-making in ethics review and describes the extent to which this formal text shaped and influenced review work. The research study used observations of committee meetings, field-notes and interviews to produce an ethnographic mapping of Research Ethics Committees’ (RECs) work. This article draws on one aspect of the research which was the process of isolating a particular, ubiquitous text and analyzing how it worked and was worked on in the meetings. The analysis contributes to contemporary discussion offering an alternative to ongoing debates about idealized ways of conducting ethics review. Finally, some tentative suggestions are made about improving training, based on and starting from the work which reviewers undertake.     

中国南海维权与国际形象重塑

南海维权事关中国主权和领土完整及海洋权益的维护,具有显著的战略意义.然而,由于中国在南海维权过程中的国际形象遭到曲解,中国南海维权面临着严峻的挑战和巨大的压力.这种挑战和压力源自两个方面:一是中国民间舆论基于大国尊严的需求与南海维权现况间的不平衡,二是东南亚地区其他南海争端方和美国等域外大国对中国南海维权行为的歪曲理解.因此,重塑和改善中国在南海维权过程中的国际形象,对缓解中国在南海问题上所面临的压力具有十分重要的意义,而这也势必将为南海维权创造新的有利环境.     

经济人类学视野下的社会主义发展问题再认识

世界上第一个社会主义国家于1917年在苏维埃俄国诞生,至今几近一个世纪的发展历程,其间的发展充满了各种探索,为人类社会的发展方向开拓了崭新的领域。尤其是我国从20世纪80年代以来的发展道路选择所取得的成就,不仅给世界带来了前所未有的机遇,也给世界带来了巨大的物质文明和精神文明。从经济人类学的视野出发,这些探索与发展模式,都是人类智慧的展现,也是人类社会发展道路的一种文化选择,或者是一种文化自觉。     

Chapter 6: University of Arizona Life & Work Connections

SUMMARY

The concept of integration has emerged in recent years as a strategy considered by providers of employee assistance, wellness and work-life services to meet the changing needs of the organizations they serve. There continues to be much discussion, however, about what exactly integration is, and how to do it. Beginning with a definition of integration, this article seeks to contribute to the discussion by describing the University of Arizona (UA) Life & Work Connections, a program that was conceived from its development to be an integrated service model. The theoretical and philosophical backgrounds of the program are presented and translated into the UA Life & Work Connections model. Advantages of the model and challenges to integration are discussed, and a detailed case study of a critical incident response is presented.     

中国生命伦理学八大热点问题透视

中国生命伦理学在30多年的研究、建设历程中,主要是围绕生命伦理学的学科性质与任务、生命伦理学的基本原则、现代生物技术中的伦理争论、公共卫生与新医改伦理研究、安乐死的伦理争论、动物伦理、中国传统文化与生命伦理以及全球生命伦理等八大热点问题,形成理论框架、研究范畴和价值取向,同时也始终面临本土化以及与中国国情的适应性问题。展望未来,中国生命伦理学将更加注重形成中国自己的研究范式、问题域和方法论,更加注重实现生命伦理学的本土化。     

近年来语块研究在中国的发展、问题与趋向--基于CSSCI刊物的文献分析

为了解语块研究在我国的发展状况,用维普资讯检索了近年来各类刊物上我国学者发表的有关语块研究的文章。为使研究成果更具有信度,选取了CSSCI刊物上发表的相关文章作为研究对象,对1989到2012年间关键词分别为语块和词块的48篇文章进行了统计分析。结果表明,对语块研究的关注程度从2004年以后逐年增多,外语类刊物对语块的重视程度超过了所有综合类刊物,应用型研究占了近50％,但汉语语块的研究相对不足,揭示了当前语块研究中存在的问题以及今后的走向。     

Elucidating transgender students’ experiences of microaggressions in social work programs: next steps for creating inclusive educational contexts

Social work education globally expresses an unwavering commitment to promoting social justice and the amelioration of oppression. Nevertheless, mounting research suggests that social work programs (SWPs) may inadvertently perpetuate microaggressions toward individuals who are transgender and gender non-conforming (TGNC). This qualitative study elucidates experiences of TGNC social work students in North America. Grounded theory analysis revealed six key themes related to students’ experiences of microaggressions within their SWPs: (1) structural oppression, (2) cisgender bias, (3) faculty knowledge gaps, (4) visible discomfort, (5) pervasive nature of transphobia, and (6) social exclusion. Despite the existence of educational and professional policies aimed at fostering transgender inclusive social work education and practice, results from this study underscore the need to take a closer look at the ways in which knowledge gaps, implicit cisgender biases, and existing practices and policies within SWPs inadvertently privilege the experiences of cisgender students and marginalize TGNC students. Key findings from the current study can be used to inform the implementation of transgender affirmative changes, contributing to efforts to eradicate transphobic bias within SWPs.     

Training,Geography, and Provision of Aging Services to Lesbian,Gay, Bisexual,and Transgender Older Adults

This research study surveyed leaders of Area Agencies on Aging (agencies) to understand their services, training, and beliefs about serving lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) older adults. Half of the existing agencies in the United States (320) participated. Few agencies provided LGBT services or outreach. One-third had trained staff around LGBT aging and four-fifths were willing to offer training; these numbers were significantly higher for urban-based agencies. Agencies that had provided staff training and urban-based agencies were more likely to provide LGBT outreach and services, to believe in addressing LGBT issues, and to receive LGBT assistance requests. Training, policy, organizing, and research implications are considered.     

Awareness of LGBT Aging Issues Among Aging Services Network Providers

Very little research exists examining the interactions between community-based aging service providers and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) older adults. It is unclear whether mainstream aging services acknowledge the needs of this community. We asked direct care providers and administrators in the Michigan aging services network to describe their work with LGBT older adults. We found there are very few services specific to the needs of older LGBT adults and very little outreach to this community. At the agency level, resistance to providing services was found.     

Paradise Lost: Older Cuban American Exiles’ Ambiguous Loss of Leaving the Homeland

To explore the experience of leaving Cuba, 2 Cuban American émigrés interviewed 20 Cuban exiles aged 65 or older, who left Cuba between 1959 and 1971. The interviews were conducted in New York and New Jersey using a phenomenological approach (Moutsakas, 1994). Themes included feeling betrayed by the Revolution, the inevitability of leaving, the expectation of a temporary refuge, and longing and idealizing the past. The psychological presence that participants expressed, along with an endless sense of loss, resonates with ambiguous loss theory (Boss, 2006)—themes that have yet to be explored in the literature and that have research and practice implications.