Do females necessarily have the same occupational status scores as males? A conceptual and empirical examination of the Duncan Socioeconomic Status Index and Nam-Powers Occupational Status Scores

Social Science researchers have advanced important yet somewhat contradictory conclusions regarding the different economic and occupational reward structures faced by men and women. Income and wage differences between men and women have been shown to be sizable and persistent throughout the occupational hierarchy. Conversely, gender differences in occupational status, commonly scaled by the Duncan Socioeconomic Index, have been shown to be small or nonexistent in most studies. In an attempt to investigate this incongruity, the present study undertakes a comparison of the Duncan SEI and the Nam-Powers Occupational Status Scores in an empirical study of the occupational position of white men and women in 65 large standard metropolitan statistical areas (SMSAs) in 1970. While the findings of earlier studies showing no gender differences in occupational status are for the most part replicated using the Duncan SEI, use of the Nam-Powers scores prompts a much different conclusion. Large status differences between men and women are indicated using this latter scale, differences which are very much in line with income differences commonly cited. We suggest that the Nam-Powers metric should be used instead of the Duncan SEI in studies of occupational status of women and men.     

Confession of prior knowledge about experimental procedures as a function of evaluation apprehension and commitment

Subjects' evaluation apprehension (anxiety about being judged by the experimenter) and commitment to (involvement in) the experiment were manipulated in an experimental study of subjects' honesty in postexperimental interviews. Previous studies have shown that subjects are typically dishonest in postexperimental interviews by refusing to admit prior knowledge of the experiment imparted to them by a confederate. It was found that both high apprehension and low commitment lead to greater subject honesty. Other features of the experimental design were successful in inducing subjects to be generally more honest than their counterparts in previous confederate tip-off studies.     

Durkheim and pierce on suicide and economic change

This paper is an attempt to build upon Pierce's important finding, a confirmation of Durkheim, that any form of economic disruption or change increases suicide. In this paper, certain aspects of Pierce's method are criticized. The analysis of an expanded and updated data set, using analytic techniques designed for time-series data, suggests that economic disruption per se is not as relevant to the suicide rate as are economic hardship and economic deterioration or improvement.     

责任政府是政治文明建设的关键

政府是现代政治文明的产物。人民建立政府,最终的目的是为了保护人民、服务人民。建设责任政府是人民政府为人民的体现。建设责任政府,就是在理念上始终坚持把人民的利益放在第一位,在制度上推行政务公开,在行为上依法行政,这与社会主义政治文明的理念文明、制度文明、行为文明是相吻合的。建设责任政府是实现社会主义政治文明建设的任务和目标的关键。     

我国公立高等学校管理权的行政法理思考

在我国,公立高等学校作为一种特殊的社会非政府组织对学生所行使的管理权的性质如何定位,在多起涉讼案件判定后确有再深入探讨和研究的必要。首先,要改变传统行政法理论仅强调政府依法行使的行政权力以及与行政相对人之间所形成的行政法律关系才受行政法调整,而公立高等学校为非政府组织,其对学生的管理权属非典型行政权力的观念;其次,公立高等学校对学生的管理权应为社会行政权,属行政权组成部分,受行政法调整;再次,因公立高等学校的管理权具有较大的自由裁量性和被滥用的空间,对学生的切身利益具有直接的影响,因此,应将其纳入司法干预的范畴,但应对其权力内容进行科学划分,而非全部均能实施司法干预。     

要善于从本质上认识社会主义与资本主义的区别--评关于社会主义与资本主义的"趋同论"

本文对社会主义与资本主义的所谓“趋同论”进行了分析和批判 ,提出要正确认识社会主义与资本主义出现的趋同现象 ,要善于从本质上认识社会主义与资本主义的区别 ,坚定社会主义信念     

对民办二级学院英语专业专科教学现状的分析

随着经济全球化与科技现代化的迅速发展,英语的应用越来越广泛,对英语教学提出的要求也越来越高。本文分析了民办二级学院英语专科教学存在的问题,并在此基础上提出了相应的教学对策。     

竞渡本招屈考——兼论龙舟竞渡的起源及其文化意义

先秦至今历代龙舟竞渡文献资料及竞渡起源诸说表明,龙舟竞渡起源于先民的生产、生活,春秋战国时期融入纪念意义。各地、各民族原本差异很大,后世在文化传承过程中,纪念屈原成为共识。竞渡中的巫风与其他习俗源于夏、周时代,屈原为代表的楚辞作家,正是继承与发扬了夏、周文化。     

惯用语与对外汉语教学

惯用语在我们日常交际中常常用到,汉语水平考试(HSK)的听力部分和阅读理解部分也频频出现,但是在对外汉语教学中却一直未受到足够的重视。本文将从惯用语的本体出发,力图通过留学生的惯用语偏误分析,来寻找教学策略。     

浅议提高写作创新能力的途径

本文从材料、主题、结构、语言等写作裁体的四个要素 ,论述提高写作创新能力的有效途径。