Impact of subsidiaries' cross-border knowledge tacitness shared and social capital on MNCs' explorative and exploitative innovation capability

As subsidiaries' cross-border knowledge increases in tacitness, it becomes more difficult for subsidiaries to articulate and for multinational corporations' (MNCs') headquarters to integrate and apply. Herein, dynamic capabilities and social capital theory frame structural and relational social capital as capabilities that improve the productivity of subsidiaries' cross-border knowledge tacitness shared on MNCs' headquarters explorative and exploitative innovation capability. The hypotheses are tested on a data set consisting of survey data collected from 220 senior managers or executives at the headquarters of Taiwan-based MNCs. Interestingly, structural social capital between headquarters and subsidiaries strengthens the negative association between subsidiaries' cross-border knowledge tacitness shared and explorative innovation capability; relational social capital attenuates the negative association between subsidiaries' cross-border knowledge tacitness shared and both explorative and exploitative innovation capability. Stated differently, different types of social capital can facilitate (i.e., relational social capital) or impede (i.e., structural social capital) innovation capability when cross-border knowledge tacitness is high. The validity and managerial implications of these findings are explored through interviews with senior managers or executives of MNCs headquarters or subsidiaries. Theoretically, this study emphasizes the importance of understanding relationships between subsidiaries and MNCs' headquarters to understand the association between subsidiaries' resources and MNCs' headquarters innovation capability.     

Resistance,Space and Political Identities: The Making of Counter-Global Networks

Activists in seven US cities were interviewed about why they thought people in their communities mobilized against alcohol-related problems. The data were analyzed in light of the focus on resource mobilization theory in the social movement literature. In contrast with claims that resources are the primary catalyst for change, informants emphasized the role of grievances, and to a lesser extent, bridging factors that caused residents to be more aware of or frustrated by problems, and thus ready for change. Resources seemed to provide necessary but insufficient conditions for explaining movement participation, suggesting that, to be effective, resources must be channeled to address and be linked to the grievous social conditions of inner city communities.     

Changing social responsibilities: the role of advocacy organisations in the construction of the Social Support Act in the Netherlands

This paper describes a study on civic participation in legislative processes. In January 2007 a new law on health and social care in the Netherlands was implemented: the Social Support Act (SSA). This law specifically aims at greater civic participation in the implementation of the law, in the provision of health and social care and in the social policy making process. This study focuses on civic participation in policy making, more specifically on civic participation in the legislative process of the Social Support Act. It examines whether national advocacy organisations were successful in their efforts to influence the legislative process and the final construction of the Social Support Act. The main conclusion is that the client and patient organisations were indeed successful in obtaining important changes in the law both through a well informed and professional individual lobby as well as by means of collective action. Yet questions concerning the justification of high expectations for successful local civic participation in the local policy-making process remain.     

A Child and Adolescent Mental Health Day Program Working at the Edge of Chaos: What Complexity Science May Tell Us About Team,Family and Group Systems

The purpose of this article was to explore the potential application of the science of complexity to aspects of team, family and group systems. A child and adolescent mental health Day Program as a tightly knit multidisciplinary team closely interacting with family systems, provides an opportunity to illustrate concepts of this general scientific framework and offer potentially unique insights. In particular, the relevance of diversity and interconnectivity between parts of a system are highlighted. Ideas explored include team functioning, how change occurs in families and new ways of looking at groups. Furthermore, complexity provides support for intensive multisystemic interventions such as the Day Program to assist families with severe and chronic child mental health issues.     

齿轮精度的计算机辅助设计

介绍用VisualBasic语言编写的软件来完成齿轮精度设计工作。该软件操作简单、能迅速正确地确定齿轮三个公差组的精度等级、齿厚极限偏差代号、各公差组的检验项目及其公差值。     

陌生化写作的民间资源——再析石舒清《清水里的刀子》

《清水里的刀子》这篇小说通过叙写搭救亡人之前要宰牲的传统民间习俗，以及大牲能看到清水里的刀子的民间传说，使小说具有了丰厚的文化含量与审美意蕴，形成艺术上无穷尽的审美张力。这种艺术效果的取得，主要决定于民间文化资源作为一种他者的“陌生性”。     

探究性学习在民族预科英语教学中的运用*

目前，外语教学研究的重心正从学生的知识传授向能力培养转变。对于少数民族预科教育来说，探究性学习能力的培养不仅是预科英语课程教学改革的目的，而且相关问题的提出和研究，也将为民族预科教育的改革提供宝贵的借鉴。     

中国共产党在抗战大后方的历史作用述论

中国共产党是抗日战争的中流砥柱,在不同地域有着不同的具体体现.抗战大后方是以重庆为中心的中国西部地区,是中国共产党除抗日根据地外最重要的活动舞台.中国共产党在大后方最主要的工作是开展统一战线工作,具体表现为:维系国共合作,为抗战胜利奠定政治基础;争取中间势力,为抗战胜利壮大进步力量;繁荣抗战文化,为抗战胜利提供精神源泉;开拓民间外交,为抗战胜利营造良好环境.深入总结中国共产党在抗战大后方的历史作用,有助于加强对中国共产党在抗战中发挥中流砥柱作用的认同,有助于深刻领会统一战线这一重要法宝在革命、改革、建设事业中的重要作用,可以为当下正在开展的党史学习教育活动提供生动素材.     

Detecting interaction links in a collaborating group using manually annotated data

Identification of network linkages through direct observation of human interaction has long been a staple of network analysis. It is, however, time consuming and labor intensive when undertaken by human observers. This paper describes the development and validation of a two-stage methodology for automating the identification of network links from direct observation of groups in which members are free to move around a space. The initial manual annotation stage utilizes a web-based interface to support manual coding of physical location, posture, and gaze direction of group members from snapshots taken from video recordings of groups. The second stage uses the manually annotated data as input for machine learning to automate the inference of links among group members. The manual codings were treated as observed variables and the theory of turn taking in conversation was used to model temporal dependencies among interaction links, forming a Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN). The DBN was modeled using the Bayes Net Toolkit and parameters were learned using Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm. The Viterbi algorithm was adapted to perform the inference in DBN. The result is a time series of linkages for arbitrarily long segments that utilizes statistical distributions to estimate linkages. The validity of the method was assessed through comparing the accuracy of automatically detected links to manually identified links. Results show adequate validity and suggest routes for improvement of the method.     

我国民族地区义务教育发展及其差距实证研究

本文遵循地理研究综合范式理论,以基础设施指标、经费指标、资料指标、教具指标和师资指标为基础指标,运用欧式贴近度模型计算出我国各个民族地区义务教育发展程度指数,运用ArcGIS10.0软件对我国民族地区义务教育发展程度指数进行空间表达。从时-空角度对我国民族地区2000年、2005年、2010年、2015年及2020年的义务教育发展程度及其差距进行研究。研究发现:(1)我国民族地区义务教育发展程度整体朝向均衡方向发展,但水平较低且其内部差异也较大。(2)同一时间截面上我国民族省区义务教育发展程度指数差异较大。(3)从2000年—2020年我国民族地区各省区义务教育发展变化形式多样且发展程度指数差异较大。(4)西藏地区义务教育发展水平较低且属于下降型。(5)我国民族地区各年度义务教育发展差距呈现增加态势。