资本定名及定义探新

在定名上,从资本的本质及资本的运动来看,资本范畴都无法用"资金"或"资产"取代。在定义上,传统政治经济学、西方经济学等六种主要定义都是不恰当的,应定义为"资本就是能够带来价值增值的生产经营要素。"     

Defining Intergalactic Human Resource Development (IHRD)

This satirical essay questions both the rigor and relevance of the practice of promoting definitions that simply reflect an area of interest with HRD. The discipline of HRD needs clear and concise overarching definitions that work everywhere.     

Determining Semi-Normative Poverty Lines Using Social Survey Data

Debates about how to set minimum income standards for health and general well-being are very current in Britain. Family budget standards remain popular but the results can be criticized for being little more than abstractions. They are to an extent 'artificial' and this raises questions about their 'real adequacy'. Another way to operationalize adequacy of income, in a lived sense, is to consider the household income levels at which a specified, desirable, healthy standard of living is in fact achieved, indicated here by diet and nutrition. Data are taken from the United Kingdom's Expenditure and Food Survey; the sample has been restricted to an older population, and three years of data (2002–5) provided a combined sample of 4,300 households. The study findings and semi-normative poverty lines are critically discussed in relation to the national UK policy context as well as the international research literature on poverty measurement.     

Identification and treatment of older persons with sarcopenia

Abstract

In the last decades, sarcopenia in older persons has been operationalized by the assessment of lean body mass, muscle strength and/or physical performance. Several definitions of sarcopenia, using different parameters and cut-offs, have been proposed. However, which is the best definition to describe and to assess this condition is still matter of debate. Hand grip strength has been suggested as better predictor of incident mobility impairment and mortality, than skeletal muscle mass. In the light of the current knowledge, we sought to propose an operative approach for identifying and treating sarcopenic older persons according to main categories of sarcopenia: the age-related or primary sarcopenia and disease-related or secondary sarcopenia. We suggest that a quantitative assessment of grip strength alone might be sufficient to identify patients with primary sarcopenia. When chronic diseases accompany the ageing process, the combined assessment of muscle strength plus a balance test could be more appropriate. The identification of tests and pathological relevant cut-offs that facilitates the entry of sarcopenia into the clinical practice, could step forward researchers and physicians. This could be important for planning multidisciplinary models to maximize the maintenance of locomotive abilities especially in older persons affected by chronic diseases such as Parkinson’s disease.     

刍议战略矿产资源的界定方法

鉴于我国目前的矿产资源现状和经济发展形势,建立战略矿产资源的储备及保障体制势在必行.研究将对国家安全与发展起决定性作用的矿产界定为战略矿产是建立战略储备及保障体制的第一步.传统战略矿产资源的选择标准是静态的,然而矿产资源储量的动态变化、利用主体的自我调整能力和技术进步等一些动态因素都会对战略矿产资源的原有价值产生影响.层次分析法是一种定性与定量相结合的、系统化的方法,是战略矿产资源界定的一个较好的选择.     

Criticisms on Relevance Theory

This paper outlines the main context of relevance theory,an inferential approach to pragmatics,which is based on a defi- nition of relevance and two principles of relevance:a Cognitive Principle(that human cognition is geared to the maxi- mization of relevance),and a Communicative Principle(that utterances create expectations of optimal relevance).Defi- nition of relevance and the motivation for these principles will be explained,and criticisms of them will be presented re- spectively in this paper.     

论文字五种定义的适用性与局限性

“文字”这个术语,蕴含着五种不同的概念：一、泛文字概念。文字是指所有的人为了用来帮助人们进行认识、记录、交际和管理的视觉符号。二、一般概念文字概念。文字是指代表语言的视觉书写符号。三、广文字概念。文字不仅包括一般的文字,而且包括书面语中那些不标音,只单纯表意的视觉图符。四、片面文字概念,文字是指字形。五、超文字概念。文字涵盖人类所有的认知、体验表达的方式乃至实践对象本身。这些不同的概念,各有各的产生背景,各有各的适用场合,在使用中,应该对它们明确界定,正确使用,避免概念混淆。     

What is child care? Lessons from time-use surveys of major English-speaking countries

This paper examines the definition and measurement of time devoted to child care in the diary-based surveys administered by the United States, Canada, Australia, and Great Britain. Detailed analysis of the relationship between measures of care activity and supervisory care in the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) illustrate the larger conceptual issues at stake.

农村留守儿童研究综述

我国农村劳动力流动自20世纪80年代持续至今,已成为拉动城乡社会经济发展的中坚力量.然而独特的城乡二元经济社会结构和与之相联系的户籍制度,使得上亿农村务工人员只能"城乡两栖",也因此产生了庞大的农村留守儿童群体,这一群体引起了社会各界的广泛关注.文章对当前针对农村留守儿童的国内外相关文献进行回顾与归纳,从农村留守儿童问题产生的背景、留守儿童的概念界定与数量规模、针对留守儿童的多学科研究以及问题的现实性对策等几个方面对相关研究进行梳理,对全面认识农村留守儿童问题、了解当前的研究进展具有重要的参考价值.