大学新生适应性障碍成因及对策新探

文章在分析大学新生适应性障碍产生原因的基础上,探讨了人际环境对适应状况的影响,以及“来访者中心”的咨询态度在形成良好人际关系中的积极作用,提出应加强对大学新生的心理咨询态度教育。     

Integrating Family Resilience and Family Stress Theory

The construct, family resilience, has been defined and applied very differently by those who are primarily clinical practitioners and those who are primarily researchers in the family field. In thisarticle, the family resilience perspective is integrated with conceptual definitions from family stress theory using the Family Adjustment and Adaptation Response (FAAR) Model in an effort to clarify distinctions between family resiliency as capacity and family resilience as a process. The family resilience process is discussed in terms of (a) the meaning of significant risk exposure (vs. the normal challenges of family life) and (b) the importance of making conceptual and operational distinctions between family system outcomes and family protective processes. Recommendations for future family resilience research are discussed.     

浅析伊斯兰教的生态观

伊斯兰教认为人与自然界万物都是真主的造化物,两者地位是平等的,人类只是真主的"代治者".伊斯兰教在强调爱护自然、与自然界和谐相处的前提下,主张把握自然的本质和规律,通过对自然界进行合理的开发利用,为人类造福.同时,伊斯兰教也坚决反对狭隘的功利主义、反对只顾眼前利益而忽视人类的长远利益.这些主张均对增强环保意识、促进人类与自然的和谐发展、维护正常的生态环境具有极大的指导意义.     

Deme formation in gall-making aphidsAdelges japonicus (Homoptera: Adelgidae)

The deme formation hypothesis in herbivorous insects states that herbivores differentiate genetically into small demes, each specialized in the idiosyncratic traits of individual plants. We examined this hypothesis in gall-forming aphids,Adelges japonicus, by reciprocal transfers of aphids among three susceptible clones ofPicea jezoensis standing in proximity. Performance of aphids transferred to their natal clone was compared with that of aphids transferred to other novel clones. ANCOVA showed no significant donor (source of aphids) by receptor (recipient of aphids) interactions for both total aphid performance on the host tree over a life cycle and its three subdivisions(q ₁,q ₂ andq ₃). In addition, the total performance on the natal clone was lowest among those in the three clones, which was explicitly against the prediction from the local adaptation. In contrast, there were significant receptor effects onq ₁ (fecundity of gallicolae multiplied by survivorship of fundatrices while feeding on needles) andq ₃ (fecundity of fundatrices multiplied by survivorship of gallicolae before emergence from the galls), suggesting genetic differences in resistance among clones. The two-fold difference inq ₃ among clones was due to different gall size, which was highly correlated with the number of gallicolae that emerged from the gall. The two-fold difference inq ₁ seemed to be caused by different survivorship of larval fundatrices while feeding on needles.     

析“归化”“异化”观

许多学者在翻译中对"归化"与"异化"的选择上存在争议,并提出许多不同观点,文中对有些观点提出了异议。文章认为,翻译应以交流为目的,译文要可接受、要传意,并要保持语言的鲜活。因此文中提出:语篇结构应追求归化,而内容应追求异化。     

A Study of Blockwise Wavelet Estimates Via Lower Bounds for a Spike Function

Abstract.  A blockwise shrinkage is a popular adaptive procedure for non-parametric series estimates. It possesses an impressive range of asymptotic properties, and there is a vast pool of blocks and shrinkage procedures used. Traditionally these estimates are studied via upper bounds on their risks. This article suggests the study of these adaptive estimates via non-asymptotic lower bounds established for a spike underlying function that plays a pivotal role in the wavelet and minimax statistics. While upper-bound inequalities help the statistician to find sufficient conditions for a desirable estimation, the non-asymptotic lower bounds yield necessary conditions and shed a new light on the popular method of adaptation. The suggested method complements and knits together two traditional techniques used in the analysis of adaptive estimates: a numerical study and an asymptotic minimax inference.     

Exploration of the life histories and future of war-wounded Salvadoran and Iranian Kurd quota refugees in Sweden: a qualitative approach

This study explores the life histories of ten Salvadoran and twelve Iranian Kurd refugees. Both groups came to Sweden as war-wounded quota refugees and their migration was forced. They had spent many years in guerilla movements and were experienced soldiers despite their youth. They were interviewed during hospitalisation shortly after arrival in Sweden, and followed-up after two years. The findings suggest that repatriation is a recurrent theme in the future plans of these refugees. The reconstruction of identity may take many forms due to a background as youth soldiers as well as their different experiences of the culture in the host country. Longitudinal studies of how refugees rebuild their lives are needed, and comprehensive analysis from different theoretical perspectives is a necessary complement to general adaptation models.     

The influence of rural-urban migration on migrants' fertility in Korea,Mexico and Cameroon

The paper presents a comparative analysis of the relationship between rural-urban migration and fertility in Korea, Mexico, and Cameroon. Using an autoregressive model, the results show a significant rural-urban migration adaptation effect in Korea and Mexico, a reduction of 2.57 and 1.45 children during the entire childbearing period, respectively, when compared to a rural stayer, even after the effect of selection has been controlled. Rural-urban migration has a very small impact on fertility in Cameroon. The unexpected result for Cameroon is due to the fact that the fertility-increasing effect of urban residency on the improved supply conditions of births, such as reduced infertility, offsets the fertility-depressing effect of urban residency on the demand for births. As a result of the adaptation to urban fertility norms, the number of country-wide births was reduced significantly in Mexico and Korea over the time periods studied.     

普通高校少数民族学生文化适应研究

目前,随着越来越多的少数民族学生进入普通高校学习,对他们来说面临最大的问题就是汉文化适应,这将关系到少数民族学生个人的发展前途、民族地方的建设发展、民族团结、校园稳定.因此,应充分分析少数民族学生汉文化适应的现状、过程及模式,提出了加快少数民族学生文化适应的策略.     

“赞米亚”视角下的近代西南地区基督教的传播与国家适应

詹姆斯?斯科特（James C. Scott）认为,基督教在赞米亚地区广泛传播的主要原因是与山地族群的先知主义和千禧年宇宙观契合,从而使基督教成为山地族群借用的意识形态与谷地国家对抗,逃避谷地的统治。然而民国时期,中国西南山地民族皈信基督教的例子则显示,基督教为这些民族带来符合现代社会秩序的价值理念和行为规范,促使山地民族进入现代性的社会化道路,这恰恰符合了国民政府对于山地民族长期以来的教化愿望,期望将山地民族真正纳入国家的治理体系之下。因而基督教进入“赞米亚”区域,虽然也有逃避统治与国家相对抗的一面,同样也有与国家意识形态相一致的一面,促使山地民族适应国家并进入国家。这可能是斯科特所忽略的一个重要方面。