Operationalizing Intersectionality: an Approach to Uncovering the Complexity of the Migrant Job Search in Australia

This paper explores the complexities surrounding the lived experiences of skilled migrant women and men from non‐English speaking backgrounds (NESBs) who arrive in Australia and attempt to seek work. The paper will analyze the migrants' experiences using intersectionality theory as a framework. Drawing on Anthias's social relations framework, this research will contribute to the field by demonstrating how intersectionality theory can be operationalized to understand the complex lived experiences of disadvantaged groups. The research will reveal how being a new migrant in Australia, unfamiliar with local job search processes, complicates jobseeking. The paper will show how gender and family roles impact this process, especially when young families are involved. Both genders suffer downward occupational mobility, with men seeking any type of work to get by, and women gravitating towards insecure forms of employment, or exiting the labour force, in order to manage the family unit.     

Labour migrants in post-Soviet Moscow: patterns of settlement*

This article explores the impact of the social and the spatial structures of Moscow on the patterns of settlement of labour migrants. It emphasizes the ways in which the structure of post-Soviet urban environment differs from the European and U.S. one, and uses interviews with guest workers from Central Asia to map out the strategies they employ in their search for accommodation in Moscow, as well as the barriers they encounter. Special attention is paid to the role played by ethnic networks in the lives of migrant workers, and the ways in which these networks are configured by the urban space. This article demonstrates how the absence of spatial segregation in the post-Soviet city, inherited from the Soviet period, affects the trajectories of social and economic integration of migrants and explains the absence of ‘ethnic areas’ in today’s Moscow.     

The making of ‘skilled’ overseas Koreans: transformation of visa policies for co-ethnic migrants in South Korea

This paper investigates a transient border between the temporary and (potentially) permanent migration schemes, by reviewing the changes in migration policies relating to Korean-Chinese (Joseonjok) co-ethnic migrants in South Korea in the last 10 years. We pay attention to Working Visit Status and Overseas Korean Status and the fluidity between the two visa streams, to argue that the government utilises the arbitrary notion of ‘skilledness’ as an indicator to distinguish the temporary from the non-temporary migrants. To interrogate how the visa system operates, this paper reviews politics between and within the government, the market and the migrants. Although the government rhetorically uses visa policies as a quality-control mechanism to selectively accept a desirable population, it can only do so by relying on the market to ‘evaluate’ migrants. However, Korean-Chinese migrants are welcomed in the low-skilled employment market to fill labour shortages, and they also contribute to the expanding migration industry as consumers, which stand at odds with the government’s effort to limit ‘unskilled’ migration. The relegation of the state’s responsibility to the market provides an opportunity for migrants to contest the border and negotiate with the state. However, their negotiation comes at the expense of precarisation of their legal status.     

习近平法治思想和生态文明思想的自足与互助：以环境法典为中心

习近平法治思想和生态文明思想立足"新时代"和"百年变局"的历史方位,深刻回答了全面推进依法治国和生态文明建设过程中的一系列重大问题,是内涵深刻、逻辑严密、理念科学、视野宏大的理论体系.首先,习近平法治思想和生态文明思想的理论构建具有自足性:在理论创新层面,汲取以"儒释道"文化为代表的传统文化精髓并发展马克思主义生态哲学观和法治观;在问题应对层面,破解当下"四大赤字"危机并提出以人与自然和谐相处的绿色发展观和共商共建共享的全球治理观为核心的中国方案;在全球视野层面,构建"人类命运共同体"理念并提出未来全球伦理观.其次,习近平法治思想和生态文明思想的功能表达具有互助性:二者互为价值观指引、互为方法论支撑,并共同助推国家治理体系和治理能力现代化.最后,在形式理性层面,环境法典贯彻习近平法治思想的治理思路,运用法治思维和法治方式保障生态文明建设的稳步推进;在实质理性层面,环境法典落实习近平生态文明思想,运用体系性、系统性、整体性方法和"生命共同体"理念构建生态文明制度体系.环境法典不仅通过适度法典化的路径实现环境法典形式外观的体系性、结构内容的开放性、逻辑关联的自恰性,还通过"总则+分则"的立法技术支撑实现制度编排的合理性、程序运转的流畅性、法律体系的稳定性.因此,环境法典是最优承载习近平法治思想和生态文明思想的集大成者.     

文化距离、地域认同、社会资本与回流农民的文化再适应

在城乡社会急剧变迁的背景下,作为中西部乡土社会曾经的缺场者,回流农民 可能面临回流后的文化再适应问题.将回流农民文化再适应视为在特定文化情境下的能动 行为,构建了“情境—动力—资源”的适应行为分析链,将文化距离视为文化再适应的情境要 素,将回流地地域认同视为动力因素,将社会资本视为能力因素,基于鄂、湘、黔、川四省的问 卷调查数据,分析了回流农民文化再适应水平的特征及影响因素.研究发现,回流农民的文 化再适应总体水平较高,呈现出“行为文化再适应水平＞观念文化再适应水平＞制度文化再 适应水平＞物态文化再适应水平”的结构特征;回流农民文化再适应是受文化适应情境、适 应动力和适应资源综合作用的结果.其中,与回流地的文化距离尤其是回流地的差异是导 致回流农民文化再适应困境的重要情境因素;对回流地的地域认同是促进回流农民文化再 适应的重要动力因素;在回流地的社会资本尤其是回流地关系网络规模、关系网络融洽度是 提升回流农民文化再适应的重要资源因素.     

开发式生态移民的效益分析——以哈密市为例

超载人口的搬迁,开发荒地,促进园艺业和育肥业的协调发展,劳务输出,基础设施建设的不断完善等生产方式的改变和生活条件的改善使得开发式生态移民的生态效益、经济效益和社会效益明显。在生态移民的正确认识、传统灌溉农业的技术改造、农牧产品加工业的发展、劳动力转移的促进等方面加强工作力度。对地区水资源紧张等新问题的解决和生态移民效益的不断提高具有关键性作用。     

民族学视野下驯鹿鄂温克人移民与定居的探讨

驯鹿鄂温克人2003年举行了隆重的"生态移民"大搬迁,引起了新闻媒体等社会各界的普遍关注,本文在实地调查的基础上,讨论了驯鹿鄂温克人在迁徙与定居之间的尴尬,并对"定而不居"现象进行了历史的和国家政治制度、政策、价值观层面上的分析阐述.如何将饲养驯鹿的文化继续传承下去?这不仅仅是猎民所面临的问题,也是民族学所关注的少数民族地区可持续发展的重要课题.     

论技术现代性拯救之路的生态学视域

当代技术是现代性逻辑发展的产物,但人们以往对技术的现代性反思,往往只是从社会、文化视角出发,而没有充分考虑到技术的生态效应。实际上,技术现代性的拯救之路不能忽视"生态化"这一基本视域。技术生态化的核心理念就是要以人为本,技术的进步应该坚持人、社会、自然和谐发展的原则,走绿色(生态)科技进步道路。而且,技术的生态化意味着我们要将技术进步与人文精神的发展结合起来,调节技术与自然、社会的和谐发展,使科技真正服务于人类,实现知识、道德、审美三大文化领域的分离走向融合。     

目前生态环境史研究中的陷阱和误区

特定民族文化所处自然生态环境之间的互动制衡关系具有高度的复杂性,而历史文献对生态环境变迁的记载又难以具有准确性,因此,借助历史典籍记载从事生态史研究,客观上存在着四大陷阱和五大误区.若不借助民族文化的整体观、结构功能观和价值相对观来规避这些陷阱,揭示这些难以发现的误区,可信可凭的生态史研究就难以做好.     

Amalgame et construction de l'Autre. Amalgame envers les minorités nationales et les minorités immigrées

Is it legitimate to establish a similarity of situation between migrants, and their descendants, and national minorities in a national territory, whether ethnic, cultural or religious? Both populations seem to be perceived in a comparable way by the majorities in power though they themselves may be plural in their composition. Accordingly some nation states create categories among the population, while others consider the law as universal for all. However, similar attitudes towards the other are developing based on psychological traits and with a socio-economic basis more often than not for political reasons. The ‘amalgam’ towards the Other depends on the meeting spot where real and forged identities meet. In the field there also function various levels of increasing mutual corresponding exclusions/rejections. Political utilitarianism is most clever in exploiting ‘amalgam’ to meet its own rallying views, the most obvious aspect being religious, whether openly developed or not. In spite of the clear danger of connecting worldwide places, a transverse study would enable one to bring into perspective similar phenomena all the more within their linkages.