生态思维方式的当代建构

生态思维的实现表达了对自然的关切与热爱，这一思维方式的形成必然具有特定的建构方式。应该从生态思维方式的兴起、生态思维方式的基点，生态思维方式的原则来阐释生态思维方式的当代建构。     

Community-based approaches to social exclusion among rural-to-urban migrants in China

Rural-to-urban migrants in China face numerous forms of social exclusion. This article argues that community-based approaches offer innovative ways with which to tackle the problems of social exclusion for rural-to-urban migrants, yet these approaches have been neglected. This article first provides an overview of the concept of social exclusion, as developed by Western European scholarship and policy discourse. Next, it examines the ways in which these concepts are relevant to the context of rural-to-urban migrants within China. Finally, this article conceptualizes the social exclusion paradigm from a community practice perspective and offers the implications of this paradigm for community-level interventions.     

Stakeholders’ Perspective on Ecological Modeling in Environmental Risk Assessment of Pesticides: Challenges and Opportunities

The article closely examines the role of mechanistic effect models (e.g., population models) in the European environmental risk assessment (ERA) of pesticides. We studied perspectives of three stakeholder groups on population modeling in ERA of pesticides. Forty‐three in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with stakeholders from regulatory authorities, industry, and academia all over Europe. The key informant approach was employed in recruiting our participants. They were first identified as key stakeholders in the field and then sampled by means of a purposive sampling, where each stakeholder identified as important by others was interviewed and asked to suggest another potential participant for our study. Our results show that participants, although having different institutional backgrounds often presented similar perspectives and concerns about modeling. Analysis of repeating ideas and keywords revealed that all stakeholders had very high and often contradicting expectations from models. Still, all three groups expected effect models to become integrated in future ERA of pesticides. Main hopes associated with effect models were to reduce the amount of expensive and complex testing and field monitoring, both at the product development stage, and as an aid to develop mitigation measures. Our analysis suggests that, although the needs of stakeholders often overlapped, subtle differences and lack of trust hinder the process of introducing mechanistic effect models into ERA.     

文学生态学批评之“问题意识”刍议——从鲁枢元教授生态学批评观谈起

文学生态学批评的发生有着深刻的“问题意识”背景，而该批评中“问题意识”的凸现又要求着“主题意识”方面的建构与“命题意识”方面的探究，总起来看，该批评意味着一种关于人的认识新范型——“生态人”的出现与一种文学观方面的新理解。     

Ecological Risk Assessment,Prediction, and Assessing Risk Predictions

Ecological risk assessment embodied in an adaptive management framework is becoming the global standard approach for formally assessing and managing the ecological risks of technology and development. Ensuring the continual improvement of ecological risk assessment approaches is partly achieved through the dissemination of not only the types of risk assessment approaches used, but also their efficacy. While there is an increasing body of literature describing the results of general comparisons between alternate risk assessment methods and models, there is a paucity of literature that post hoc assesses the performance of specific predictions based on an assessment of risk and the effectiveness of the particular model used to predict the risk. This is especially the case where risk assessments have been used to grant consent or approval for the construction of major infrastructure projects. While postconstruction environmental monitoring is increasingly commonplace, it is not common for a postconstruction assessment of the accuracy and performance of the ecological risk assessment and underpinning model to be undertaken. Without this “assessment of the assessment,” it is difficult for other practitioners to gain insight into the performance of the approach and models used and therefore, as argued here, this limits the rate of improvement of risk assessment approaches.     

Disability and going green: a comparison of the environmental values and behaviours of persons with and without disability

Some studies have suggested that socially excluded groups exhibit different environmental values and behaviours from mainstream society. To consider this in the context of disability, a survey was implemented to investigate environmental values and ecological behaviour. A high percentage of participants considered themselves to have a disability, long‐standing illness or infirmity. Over half of the sample had restricted physical mobility. The study used the revised New Ecological Paradigm Scale, a widely used measure of pro‐environmental orientation, and the General Ecological Behaviour scale to assess ecological behaviours. No significant differences were found between respondents with/without disability for either their general environmental attitudes or their general ecological behaviour. However, a positive correlation was found between level of physical mobility and general ecological behaviour. The results also show significant differences in the ecological behaviours of those respondents living dependently and those living independently; respondents living in care scored lower on the ecological behaviour scale.     

汉源县城迁复建项目管理的启示

汉源县城建设项目是移民迁复建项目,在迁建过程中存在规划调整、设计成果不衔接、擅自提高设计标准、实施与规划不一致、实施组织混乱、施工质量低劣等问题,其原因是主要领导的频繁更替使安置思路的连续性受到影响,缺乏有效的设计协调和项目管理计划,前期选择的施工队伍能力低下,监理机构工作不力等.基于上述情况,提出采用设计总承包协调各设计单位工作、提高设计质量,加强项目前期策划工作,制定切实可行的项目管理计划和实施组织计划,促进施工管理的科学化、规范化,实行施工总承包模式,简化地方政府管理难度,保证施工质量的建议.这些建议对于移民迁建中的重大项目具有普遍的借鉴意义.     

生态文艺学：为了人类“诗意地栖居”

生态文艺学是一门新兴的由现代文艺学与现代生态学交叉而产生的文艺学的分支学科.它以其宏阔的审美意识,一方面关注人与自然的关系,另一方面关注人与人的关系,而这两方面的关系都纳入人性中的灵与肉的冲突之中,为营造人类美好家园,塑造人的诗性灵魂,创造精神良方服务.在当代中国,这门前沿学科在政治上体现为邓小平同志关于物质文明与精神文明建设的有关论述,在实践上体现为“社会的可持续发展”战略.     

浅析草原的生态效益

本文对草原植被的保持水土、防风固沙、改善土壤生物状况以及净化空气等生态效益作了阐述。     

“国家生态安全”与社会经济发展

"国家生态安全"作为"非传统安全"是"传统安全"观念的发展,它有助于加速全球化这一作为国际社会发展标志性特征的认识。而"国家生态安全"作为对"非传统安全"的一种界定与表述,是当前相关理论研究领域的一种趋势,也是社会经济可持续、稳定发展的现实迫切需求。