Bargaining and Reputation

The paper develops a reputation based theory of bargaining. The idea is to investigate and highlight the influence of bargaining ‘postures’ on bargaining outcomes. A complete information bargaining model a la Rubinstein is amended to accommodate ‘irrational types’ who are obstinate, and indeed for tractability assumed to be completely inflexible in their offers and demands. A strong ‘independence of procedures’ result is derived: after initial postures have been adopted, the bargaining outcome is independent of the fine details of the bargaining protocol so long as both players have the opportunity to make offers frequently. The latter analysis yields a unique continuous‐time limit with a war of attrition structure. In the continuous‐time game, equilibrium is unique, and entails delay, consequently inefficiency. The equilibrium outcome reflects the combined influence of the rates of time preference of the players and the ex ante probabilities of different irrational types. As the probability of irrationality goes to zero, delay and inefficiency disappear; furthermore, if there is a rich set of types for both agents, the limit equilibrium payoffs are inversely proportional to their rates of time preference.     

关于向心理论中过渡类型问题的探讨

在应用向心理论时,由隐性语篇实体实现回指中心的语段通常会产生零回指中心和零过渡的问题,Laurel Fais(2004)为该类语段拟订的向心过渡类型虽基本解决了此类问题,但其应用能力仍显不足,本文针对语篇中嵌入的'诗歌语段对'现象,拟对其设定的过渡类型进行进一步划分,提出三种费力衔接过渡类型,使过渡类型适用于更广泛的语言事实.     

重尾索赔条件下现代风险模型的破产概率估计:多险种混合情形

破产概率是非寿险保险风险理论的核心问题。与经典的Cramér-Lundberg模型相比, 由Li Zehui等建立的现代风险模型更为准确地描述了非寿险保险运营的主要特征, 对现实保险业务具有较好的解释力。本文基于现代风险模型, 考虑保险公司多个险种混合经营这一更为现实的情形, 在索赔额服从正则尾分布条件下获得了破产概率的渐近等价估计。我们发现, 在具有大额索赔特征的多个险种混合的条件下, 公司面临的极端索赔风险将由索赔额分布尾部最厚的那些险种决定, 而索赔额分布尾部相对较薄的那些险种的影响作用将被淹没。该结论的有效性可用MATLAB数值模拟得到理想的验证。本文结果是对风险模型研究的重要推广, 也为多险种混合情形下保险公司的风险控制与初始保证金界定提供了依据。     

新闻语体的交融功能

新闻信息大众传播的目的性和传播方式的多样性决定了新闻语体功能交融的必然性.这种交融贯穿了自有文字以来的全部语体发展史,并且以与时俱进、适应社会需求为发展的外部动因,以语体体系自身建构的需要为原动力.交融是语体功能分化的结果,是交际功能表现的诉求,是认知理解的策略.论文着重讨论了新闻语体交融功能的必然性和语体交融的基本类型.     

Information Independence and Common Knowledge

In Bayesian environments with private information, as described by the types of Harsanyi, how can types of agents be (statistically) disassociated from each other and how are such disassociations reflected in the agents' knowledge structure? Conditions studied are (i) subjective independence (the opponents' types are independent conditional on one's own) and (ii) type disassociation under common knowledge (the agents' types are independent, conditional on some common‐knowledge variable). Subjective independence is motivated by its implications in Bayesian games and in studies of equilibrium concepts. We find that a variable that disassociates types is more informative than any common‐knowledge variable. With three or more agents, conditions (i) and (ii) are equivalent. They also imply that any variable which is common knowledge to two agents is common knowledge to all, and imply the existence of a unique common‐knowledge variable that disassociates types, which is the one defined by Aumann.     

基于功能对等之英汉互译中及物性管窥

基于功能对等理论,从小句层面对翻译进行剖析,指出翻译过程中及物的保留及转换,尤其是物质过程和关系过程之间的转换,并且对造成这种保留及转换的原因进行了概略分析。     

基于任务的英语学习者口语准确性和流利性对比研究

对不同任务类型(复述故事和即席讲话)中29名英语学习者口语准确性和流利性的关系调查和分析表明,在复述故事中,口语准确性和流利性没有显著的相关性;在即席讲话中,口语准确性和流利性呈低度或低中度相关。t检验表明,复述故事中口语准确性显著低于即席讲话中口语准确性;流利性随测量指标的不同在任务之间呈现不同的差异模式。     

长株潭城市群农业现代化引领区建设实证分析

长株潭城市群农业现代化引领区主题是引领"两型农业"的发展.通过构建长株潭城市群"两型农业"发展水平的衡量指标体系,得出2008年其总体水平的综合得分是64.67分,在此基础上,提出了促进长株潭农业现代化引领区建设的若干对策.     

高职高专院校英语专业学生同伴纠错类型研究

统计分析了西部地区某高职高专院校英语读书报告中同伴识别和修改的错误。结果发现：纠错类型中除了Larsen-Freeman and long（2000）归纳的二语习得偏误类型外,还存在其他偏误;学生的纠错意识和能力较弱且主要集中在句子内部;外语学习过程中也会发生磨蚀现象。     

英语谜语及其在教学中的运用

英语谜语发展历史悠久,内容丰富,形式多样。它不仅给人以文字上的美感,以精神上的欢悦,还充满机智诙谐,体现认知思维的魅力。教师将谜语引入英语教学,发挥谜语的教学效用,把握主体性原则、关联性原则、针对性原则、多样性原则和灵活性原则,学习者就能在轻松愉快的氛围中自然地进入语言习得过程,并收获更多的语言基础知识和文化背景知识,还能使认知思维得到挖掘和提升。