蒙古族文化对民间怪孩子故事形态的影响

蒙古族民间怪孩子型故事非常多,最为丰富的应属神力儿、蛤蟆儿和拇指儿三种类型,其独特的文化特性表现为：动物崇拜、尚力美学追求和神秘宗教色彩。对这些文化特性进行研究,一方面可以丰富世界民间怪孩子型故事的整体研究,另一方面也可以在比较研究中发现民族与地域对于怪孩子故事传播的影响。     

医患纠纷诉讼的举证责任分配

概述国外的"事实本身说明过失原则"、"表见证明"理论、"大概推定"原则,"妨碍证明"理论、"重大诊疗过失的举证责任转换"等方面,评析我国医患纠纷的举证责任分配.在我国目前医疗诉讼中,举证责任的分配应多样化,根据不同的情形,适应不同的原则和理论,实现公正、合理的分配.     

A Welcome to the International Statistical Conferences

Criteria for assessing the effectiveness of a medical screening program are difficult to define; medical knowledge and screening procedures change rapidly, and self-selection at medical screens is unavoidable. This article discusses these and other basic issues in evaluation of medical screening programs with particular reference to results from the HIP breast cancer study. In addition, the article reviews various statistical models that describe the processes of disease and screening. The models are shown to be statistically indistinguishable in practice because of the small sample sizes typically available in medical screening trials. Finally the article suggests incorporating knowledge from clinical trials and from studies of robustness into statistical models designed to identify reasonable strategies for screening.     

蒙古族民间故事机智人物巴拉根仓形象分析

巴拉根仓作为蒙古族民间故事中的经典机智人物形象,由底层劳动人民群众塑造,具有独特性和复杂性。从人物性格特征上来看,巴拉根仓在智力方面是机智与蠢笨的统一体,具有诙谐幽默的气质,而品行上则表现出善与恶的反差。巴拉根仓的形象具有丰富性和真实性,贴近草原民众的生活。有关巴拉根仓这一形象的社会语境与文化涵义,首先,应认识到巴拉根仓身上折射出的底层民众对权力的反抗精神;其次,巴拉根仓所具有的幽默诙谐是源于蒙古族人民心理结构中的"喜剧意识";最后,巴拉根仓离经叛道的行为特征实质上是民众"狂欢情结"的展演,是民间对官方颠覆倾向的体现。     

Strengthening implementation success using large-scale consensus decision-making - A new approach to creating medical practice guidelines

A study involving over 2000 stoma care nurses in the development of best practice guidelines for the assessment of peristomal body profiles, patient engagement and patient follow-up was conducted in 2018. The study was designed to develop guidelines for stoma care treatment and product selection and to decrease the evidence to implementation gap. The project built on research evidence from a literature review of 77 articles. The results of the literature review were then used to inform a series of Delphi surveys sent out to stoma care nurses through Association and industry list-serves in 11 languages. The Delphi surveys were followed by a face2face professionally facilitated discussions among nurse-research experts. The project concluded with a facilitated consensus dialogue among 960 stoma care nurses from 25 countries, resulting in an implementation plan to ensure the guidelines become a normal part of routine patient care. The study resulted in a set of medical practice guidelines for stoma care nurses, designed to improve patient outcomes and patient quality of life, that were accepted and adopted into routine medical practice across 25 countries. This article describes the study and how the process used, coined the ‘Modified Delphi Process’ by the process designer, led to faster implementation than is generally experienced in the medical community.     

Chinese Rural Health-Seeking Behaviour and the Dilemma of Sufferers of Chronic Sickness: A Case Study from Inner Mongolia

Chinese society is entering a ‘period of chronic sickness’, especially hypertension, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, resulting from a more easily available diet rich in animal fat and protein. The damage is greatest in rural areas where medical and welfare facilities are limited and patients present late, which they justify as needing to continue farming despite sickness. Thus, contrary to Parsons’s observation regarding Western medical treatment, a patient’s sick role is neither ‘deviant’ nor separated from their everyday social role and lifestyle. Villagers might however be officially encouraged to regard biomedical, religious and traditional folk therapies as neither old-fashioned nor in conflict, but as a spectrum providing emotional/psychological and sometimes physical benefit, reinforced by returning to the greater community and family care existing before village social fragmentation. This recreation of a holistic perspective could enhance the quality of rural life, especially of chronic sickness sufferers.     

美国中期选举及“茶党”兴起的影响

美国中期选举使民主党和奥巴马总统本人受到很大打击。民主党失掉众议院多数席位,奥巴马未来两年执政道路充满荆棘,竞选连任困难重重。共和党通过中期选举掌控了众议院,标志着他们说便宜话的时代结束了,未来的道路也并不好走。茶党的兴起,对美国政坛和社会的影响正在显现。美国保守主义思潮回归,金融经济危机冲击下的各种社会问题交织,其国内外政策走向正在深刻演变之中。     

刍议政府管理视野下的医药卫生服务改革

在新一轮的医药卫生服务体制改革中,政府干预医药卫生服务可以弥补公共卫生服务的市场失灵,为公众提供公共产品和准公共产品,保证人民享有平等的健康权,维护医药卫生服务的公平性。政府作为公众利益的代表和社会管理者,在医药卫生服务体制改革中,负有重要的职责,具体包括制定医药卫生服务事业改革政策和思路,切实履行管制监督职能,保障财政对医疗卫生经费的投入,统筹协调医药卫生服务资源在全社会的公平分配等。     

海岛妇女民间信仰活动的调查与思考

近年来,随着宗教自由政策的落实和文化多元化的发展,我国各地民间信仰的存在环境不断宽松,民间信仰活动也日趋活跃。浙江舟山地区民间信仰活动的发展也十分迅速,妇女已成为民间信仰活动的主体,其信仰活动的影响力已渗透到妇女生活的各个方面,在女性作出决策、进行人际交往和提高自身话语权等方面,都发挥着作用。海岛妇女民间信仰在现阶段的存在和活跃,虽然有一定的必然性和合理性,但作为较低级的一种文化现象,其负面效应也是相当明显的。关注海岛妇女的信仰活动状况,既有助于客观地认识妇女所面临的处境,也有利于相关部门做好对民间信仰的引导管理工作,实现民间信仰与社会主义主流价值观的协谐。     

谈学习民歌的意义

从《诗经》到现在的《中国民歌集成》都真实地反映了许多历史故事、人物及人民的生活。每一个历史时期都有其不同的表现形式、不同的风格及丰富的内容,了解和学习民歌的意义不仅在于它的形式和风格,更重要的是深含在其中的民族文化的精华,体现出一种不屈、乐观和奋发自信的民族精神,了解和学习民歌是陶冶情操,加深修养,提高文化素质的重要内容。也是加强爱国主义教育,促进精神文明建设的有效途径。