Gender Perspective in Cross-Cultural Couples

This article explores gender perspective in clinical work with couples whose romantic choices fall across cultural, racial and religious lines. A conceptual framework is presented to track the dimensions of differences between the two partners in intercultural couples (collective vs. individualistic). The article illustrates how emotional expressiveness, continuum of autonomy, gender differentiation, and sexuality play out in intimate cross-cultural relationships. It also shows how the embedded, culturally assigned gender beliefs and roles are addressed in treatment. Examples from the author’s clinical work are presented throughout the article.

Commentary on Treatment of Infertile Couples Using Reproductive Technologies: A Complex Matrix

The impact of the reproductive technologies upon infertile couples who require them is both ubiquitous and profound. There is a confluence of issues that co-exist for women and men who use reproductive technologies which creates a complex matrix for both the analytically informed social work clinician and those seeking infertility treatment. The unique merger of life stage issues, identity issues, cultural pressures, and responses to the physical and emotional demands of the necessary technologies, serves to amplify the intensity of encounters in this analytic triad. Consideration of attachment theory while utilizing intersubjective systems theory provides a system of treatment which offers comfort and a place to mourn the multiple losses of repetitive failures of attempts to conceive.

Experiencing and writing Indigeneity, rurality and gender: Australian reflections

This paper has two interrelated aims. The first is to contribute to knowledge about rurality, gender and Indigeneity. This is undertaken by the first author, Bebe Ramzan, an Indigenous woman living in the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara (APY) Lands. Bebe shows similarities across rural and remote areas in Australia and details her knowledge and experience of home, rurality, rural communities, land and gender. The second aim of the paper is to examine issues surrounding the involvement of academic white women in Indigenous research. Writing from the position of feminist white women Barbara Pini and Lia Bryant reflect on theories of whiteness as cultural practice and in this paper contest representations of rurality in rural studies as white.     

Gender and venture capital decision-making: The effects of technical background and social capital on entrepreneurial evaluations

Research on gender and workplace decision-making tends to address either supply-side disparities between men’s and women’s human and social capital, or demand-side differences in the status expectations of women and men workers. In addition, this work often relies on causal inferences drawn from empirical data collected on worker characteristics and their workplace outcomes. In this study, we demonstrate how tangible education and work history credentials – typically associated with supply-side characteristics – work in tandem with cultural beliefs about gender to influence the evaluative process that underlies venture capital decisions made in high-growth, high-tech entrepreneurship. Using an experimental design, we simulate funding decisions by venture capitalists (VCs) for men and women entrepreneurs that differ in technical background and the presence of important social ties. We demonstrate the presence of two distinct aspects of VCs’ evaluation: that of the venture and that of the entrepreneur, and find that the gender of the entrepreneur influences evaluations most when the person, rather than the venture, is the target of evaluation. Technical background qualifications moderate the influence of gendered expectations, and women receive more of a payoff than men from having a close contact to the evaluating VC. We discuss the implications for future research on gender and work.     

性别视角的农民工收入差异及影响因素分析——基于江苏省1012名农民工的问卷调查

根据江苏省1012名农民工的问卷调查资料,从性别视角对其进行了统计分析,分析结果表明：女农民工月收入、每小时工资、收入层次分布均低于男农民工;女农民工月收入不存在代际差异和文化程度差异;第一代农民工月收入存在性别差异;从事相同职业的农民工月收入存在性别差异。通过多元回归分析发现,影响女农民工每小时收入的主要有工作、生活负担和社会因素,农民工自身因素仅对男农民工收入有影响。     

留守妇女现象与农村社会性别关系的变迁

丈夫外出务工、妻子留守家乡的现象使得农村社会性别分工第一次脱离了地域限制,并由性别分工变化引起性别关系变化。以性别主义和家庭策略理论为分析视角,讨论“男工女耕”引起的农村社会性别关系变化,可以发现,在性别资源占有不平等基础上产生的丈夫流动、妻子留守的家庭策略,因地域割裂、妇女行动自主性、夫妻双方的主观评价等原因促进了妇女家庭决策权的提高,农村性别关系趋于平等,并且在日益撼动我国农村传统的性别规范。     

Inequality of opportunity in the United Kingdom, 1991–2008

We investigate the extent to which the tax-and-transfer system of the United Kingdom equalizes opportunities for income attainment among citizens. Within the framework of Roemer’s theory of Equality of Opportunity, and using individual data from the British Household Panel Survey from 1991 to 2008, we calculate the tax rates necessary to equalize opportunities for different circumstances. We provide a ranking of these circumstances by the degree to which they influence income attainment. Although pre-fisc equality of opportunity increases over time, the tax rate necessary to equalize opportunities remains higher than the observed tax rate. Only under a relatively high labour supply elasticity the observed UK tax rate fares well in equalizing opportunities for income attainment.     

农村大龄未婚男性的婚姻困境:基于性别不平等视角的认识

大龄未婚男性的婚姻困境是在中国农村普婚制社会下长期存在的现象。文章利用全国性的专项调查、主流媒体报道和实地调查数据,从婚姻市场上的性别不平等视角来研究农村大龄男性的婚姻困境。宏观数据分析显示,用性别结构失衡来解释农村大龄男性的婚姻剥夺显得原发性因果关系不强和实证性不足,而简单地以贫困概括农村大龄男性婚姻困境的主因并没有充分考虑婚姻的本质和功能。基于性别不平等的理论视角和实证研究,认为婚姻市场上性别不平等对贫困男性婚姻困境的影响远比人口性别结构失衡的影响更为直接和重要,农村大龄男性的婚姻困境具有独立于个体内因的社会经济结构性的成因。     

语言的神力:神话隐喻的性别观

创世纪神话以神说的方式表明语言对于人的先在性;而"神说"性别秩序成为造人神话的核心内容,语言在此成为性别无序到有序的唯一通道。在语言型神话中,父/男权制性别秩序话语,同时也被形象地赋予"天赋"的性质。一种性别意识形态正是通过神话语言的言说,造成了天经地义的既定与存在。神话在讲述语言开辟世界秩序的同时,也把"语言-父/男权体制话语-文化"三位一体地根植在人类意识之中。通过对神话如何彰显语言神力的叙事分析,可以发现与其语言观同在的性别观:"神说"既揭示了语言的文化本质,也揭示了性别文化的语言本质。     

广东人口意愿生育性别偏好的影响因素分析

本文利用广东省人口和计划生育委员会与中山大学人口研究所2004年10月进行了题为“广东省人口生育意愿研究”的抽样调查数据,分析了个人特征变量、居住地区变量、意愿生育数量、传统偏男生育观念（即“生育目的”）变量和政策性变量对广东人口意愿生育性别偏好的影响。