Empirical research has consistently shown that, on average, men are paid higher wages than women. Moreover, men enjoy more
leisure time than women. We develop a noncooperative model of the private provision of family public goods to analyze whether
the wage gap and the leisure gap are related. Simultaneous and sequential decision-making structures within a couple lead
to different empirical hypotheses. Our estimates based on the German Socio-Economic Panel data show that husbands enjoy, other
things equal, more leisure time than their wives. This advantage can be explained if the husband is the Stackelberg leader
in a sequential private provision game.
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We consider a repeated family bargaining model that links the topics of employment and households. A key aspect of the model
is that marital bargaining power is determined endogenously. We show that: (1) the efficiency of household decisions is sometimes
inversely related to the prevailing degree of gender discrimination in labor markets; (2) women who are discriminated against
have difficulty enforcing cooperative household outcomes because they may be extremely limited to credibly punish opportunistic
behavior by their male partners; (3) the likelihood that sharing rules such as “equal sharing” are maintained throughout a
marriage relationship is highest when men and women face equal opportunities in labor markets.
Responsible editor: Deborah Cobb-Clark 相似文献
The main goal of this article is to assess the level of gender equality across the 32 Mexican states. After reviewing conceptual
and methodological issues related to previous measures of structural inequality I detail the logic and methodology involved
in the construction of a composite and multidimensional measure of gender equality, at the social structural or macrosystem,
level in Mexico: GEIMS (Gender Equality Index in Mexican States). The importance of assessing the level of gender equality
among Mexican states is of theoretical and practical relevance for understanding potential sources of regional differences
regarding many social phenomena. The methodology can be also used to construct gender equality indexes in other Latin American
countries.
Self-employment, regardless of its quality, offers the advantage of keeping individuals employed, thereby contributing to a continuous work history and earnings over the lifetime. But in the individual life cycle, how important is self-employment, particularly given evidence that self-employment spells tend to be of short duration? Also, to what extent does self-employment contribute to race and gender differences in lifetime employment? We use an increment-decrement life table to analyze the role of self-employment in differentiating the working lifetimes of blacks and women from those of white men. White men's average lifetime years spent in self-employment exceed black men's by as many as six years, thus accounting for nearly the entire difference between whiteand black men's lifetime years employed. White women's self-employment episodes,while almost as numerous as white men's, are shorter and less connected towage-employment episodes. Black women's self-employment episodes are bothinfrequent and of short duration.
This paper uses panel data from the Statistics Canada National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (1994–2000) to study the implications of parenting a child with a disability or chronic condition for subjective assessments of parental health. We find mother's health to be negatively affected, particularly if the disability is longer-term. Within families, the wife's health deteriorates relative to her husband's when they are parenting a child with a disability. These results are consistent with Akerlof and Kranton's [Akerlof, G., Kranton, R., 2000. Economics and identity. The Quarterly Journal of Economics 105(3), 715–753] arguments that ‘identity’ is an important determinant of both behaviour and well-being. For parents of children with disabilities, the behaviour associated with a traditional ‘good mother’ identity (e.g., care-giving) appears to have more adverse health consequences than the behaviour associated with a ‘good father’ identity (e.g., breadwinning). 相似文献
Drawing on data from in-depth personal interviews with a sample of fifty-three older men caring for their impaired wives, authors report findings on these men's caregiving experience, specifically on the way they see themselves as men within such role. Through analytic methods based upon content analysis and open coding, authors found that when describing their gendered understanding of themselves participants evidenced several negotiations with the dominant masculine ideology in order to maintain their sense of masculinity and legitimate their presence in a feminine role. This was accomplished by reframing their definition of a man and reinforcing that of a husband and by retaining varying degrees of power over the caregiving relationship. The social visibility of the role within particular gendered community-based social networks was found to be important in shaping these older men's masculinities. 相似文献
This study tests macrostructural theories of gender stratification by examining women's representation in national legislatures. Political structural variables are combined with the variables suggested by the propositions of Janet Chafetz and Rae Blumberg. Both developed and developing nations are represented in the data set of 73 countries. The most important finding for theory is that women's rate of labor force participation is a powerful predictor of women's political status.A version of this paper was presented at the meetings of the American Sociological Association in Pittsburg, PA, August 1992. 相似文献
We report on a series of experiments in which participants first completed a simple game of chance and then competed in a tournament based on a multiple cue probability learning task. The results show that men made riskier choices in the simple game of chance, but women adopted the high-variance strategy more frequently in the tournament. However, after controlling for differences in forecasting skill, we find no significant differences in the rates at which men and women adopted a high-variance strategy. Although altering the difficulty of the forecasting task produces differences in the rate at which participants selected the high-variance strategy, it did not produce a significant difference in the rate at which men and women selected the strategy. Thus, this paper suggests that although women are more risk-averse than men, women are no less likely to adopt a high-variance strategy in a tournament competition. 相似文献
This paper describes an empirical study (n = 699) of occupational stress in a Scottish police force. The self-perceived stress associated with a variety of organizational and opearational stressors was examined along with the associated distress in the police officers in terms of symptoms of anxiety, somatic complaint, severe depression and social dysfunction. The analysis revealed that in spite of the potential that police work offers for exposure to adverse opeational situations such as violence or death, the highest levels of associated stress lie in relation to organizational factors such as officers' perceptions of staff shortages, inadequate resources, time pressures, lack of communication and work overload. Differential rates of perceived stress are reported accordng to gender, rank and working location. This paper further validates previsous research on stress in British police and addresses the situation from a Scottish perspective. 相似文献