A holistic approach to stakeholder management: A rhetorical foundation

The day-to-day concerns of managing stakeholders are a critical matter for public relations practitioners and scholars alike. “Stakeholder theory” subsumes the knowledge base about stakeholders, who are individuals and groups who affect or are affected by an organization's actions. This article argues that a holistic view of stakeholder management rests on rhetorical grounds and concerns answering three fundamental questions: (1) How are stakeholders created? (2) How can relationships with stakeholders be maintained? and (3) How can relationships with stakeholders be improved? Example cases are used to demonstrate how retrospective analysis reveals the effectiveness of stakeholder management approaches. Ultimately and most important, the combination of theory and case analyses are synthesized into a prospective approach to stakeholder management that organizations may use during strategic planning.     

开放式创新:基于价值创新的认知性框架

技术与市场的发展推动着创新资源的全球性分散与流动,开放式创新被越来越多的企业运用以实现更大的价值创新,由此也得到了大量学者的关注与研究。学者们通过赋予开放式创新不同的内涵来满足自身研究的需求,却出现了概念具体化的问题,因此有必要建立一个整合性的理论框架来界定开放式创新的内涵与维度。本文基于对ISI数据库中160多篇相关论文的整理与分析,以开放式创新的本质——价值创新为起点与核心,延伸到实现开放式创新的价值识别、价值创造与价值获取三个维度,建立起一个关于开放式创新的认知性框架。这个认知性框架使我们对开放式创新有一个系统的认识,为进一步的实证研究与理论创新奠定了基础,并促进了关于开放式商业模式以及开放式创新下组织变革的深入研究。     

奖励扶助对象资格确认问题及建议

农村部分计划生育家庭奖励扶助制度自2004年初试点以来,奖励扶助对象资格确认存在的困难和问题主要有:人户分离问题、半个农户问题、抱养子女问题、再婚家庭问题、双女户问题、年龄界定问题、隐瞒实情问题、制度放宽问题和退出问题.进一步做好奖励扶助对象的资格确认工作,应适当调整对奖励扶助对象的界定,积极做好补救和日常管理工作,并合理规定奖励扶助制度的终止时间.     

南京城区公众人文社会科学素养状况的调查与分析

为探明南京城区公众人文社会科学素养的基本状况以及不同群体差异所在,给解决相关问题寻求准确的切入点,以随机抽样的方式进行了问卷调查。结果显示,南京城区公众人文社会科学素养总达标率为47.3%,近一半人具备基本的人文社会科学素养。被调查者对人文社会科学基本的知识掌握得最好,对略具专业性或需要注入一定学习行为方可得知答案的问题回答的准确率则不尽如人意。被调查者对人文社会科学的认同程度低于对自然科学的认同程度。城区公众获取人文社会科学知识的渠道主要是电视和报纸,其次为杂志、网络、广播、与亲朋交谈、参观展览和听讲座。     

Pattern–mixture and selection models for analysing longitudinal data with monotone missing patterns

Summary. We examine three pattern–mixture models for making inference about parameters of the distribution of an outcome of interest Y that is to be measured at the end of a longitudinal study when this outcome is missing in some subjects. We show that these pattern–mixture models also have an interpretation as selection models. Because these models make unverifiable assumptions, we recommend that inference about the distribution of Y be repeated under a range of plausible assumptions. We argue that, of the three models considered, only one admits a parameterization that facilitates the examination of departures from the assumption of sequential ignorability. The three models are nonparametric in the sense that they do not impose restrictions on the class of observed data distributions. Owing to the curse of dimensionality, the assumptions that are encoded in these models are sufficient for identification but not for inference. We describe additional flexible and easily interpretable assumptions under which it is possible to construct estimators that are well behaved with moderate sample sizes. These assumptions define semiparametric models for the distribution of the observed data. We describe a class of estimators which, up to asymptotic equivalence, comprise all the consistent and asymptotically normal estimators of the parameters of interest under the postulated semiparametric models. We illustrate our methods with the analysis of data from a randomized clinical trial of contracepting women.     

Emotion management: dabbling in mystery - white witchcraft or black art?

The emergence of the construct 'Emotional Intelligence' offers prospects for the management of that hitherto intangible asset, emotion. There is an interest in emotion to the extent that this can lead to increased productivity and manageability. Organizations require a degree of human commitment and identification which are seen to give rise to improved performance and aspects of emotional intelligence such as trust and interpersonal relations link to ideas of attachment and identification. The purpose of this paper is, initially, to suggest that managerial aspiration in this regard might fall somewhat short of employee response. First, the psychoanalytic argument is used to make the case that individual capacity for emotion management might be limited. Furthermore, individual motivation or willingness to engage with organizational goals should not be presumed. The possibility that many individuals will have goals of their own, leading to a more instrumental orientation to organizationally mandated norms for feeling displays, is largely ignored in the emotional intelligence discourse. This affords the opportunity to explore the phenomenon at a more critical level. The question of whose identities predominate over others' deserves attention. The final argument is that attempts such as these to shape the ways individuals experience, understand, judge and conduct themselves (Foucault 1986a, 1988, in Hall and du Gay 1996) fit neatly with the desire to commodify emotion, to turn emotion into something that can be manipulated and exchanged in the same way as other, more tangible, assets.     

A Latent-Variable Model of Quality Determination

Because of data difficulties, there has been little empirical work analyzing the determination of the quality of a firm's output. This article constructs a latent variable model for this problem that uses easily obtainable data. The model is developed from the relationship between the firm's input demand functions and reduced-form output functions, and it has a novel multiple indicator multiple cause (MIMIC) interpretation. The model also allows identification of an intercept, implying that an index of quality that is comparable across samples can be constructed. As an example, a latent variable model of nursing-home quality is estimated.     

Identification of the variance components in the general two-variance linear model

Bayesian analyses frequently employ two-stage hierarchical models involving two-variance parameters: one controlling measurement error and the other controlling the degree of smoothing implied by the model's higher level. These analyses can be hampered by poorly identified variances which may lead to difficulty in computing and in choosing reference priors for these parameters. In this paper, we introduce the class of two-variance hierarchical linear models and characterize the aspects of these models that lead to well-identified or poorly identified variances. These ideas are illustrated with a spatial analysis of a periodontal data set and examined in some generality for specific two-variance models including the conditionally autoregressive (CAR) and one-way random effect models. We also connect this theory with other constrained regression methods and suggest a diagnostic that can be used to search for missing spatially varying fixed effects in the CAR model.     

Bayesian Analysis of DSGE Models—Rejoinder

We would like to thank all the discussants for their stimulating comments. While our article to a large extent reviews current practice of Bayesian analysis of Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) models the discussants provide many ideas to improve upon the current practice, thereby outlining a research agenda for the years to come. In our rejoinder we will briefly revisit some of the issues that were raised.     

试论中国清真食品VI视觉识别系统之构建

VI视觉识别系统是现代企业发展中的经营管理策略,已成为我国企业管理中的新兴领域,正在逐步形成应用性很强、使用范围甚广、形式各样的一套可操作的方法与技巧。把VI概念引入清真食品的整合与管理中,对于树立清真食品形象、保护清真食品权益都是有益的。