论清代沅水中游地区的移民

沅水中游地区在清代广泛接纳外来移民。促成移民大量迁入该地区的因素有垦荒运动、改土归流、驻军防苗和工商业发展等。这个时期的移民影响了沅水中游地区的社会发展。     

政策引导下企业跨区域迁移的演化博弈分析

采用演化博弈模型研究政策引导下的企业跨区域迁移行为,分析承接地政府和迁移企业的演化稳定策略(ESS).模型结果表明,迁移后获得持续增加的盈利空间、企业迁移成本、承接地政府的优惠政策以及迁出地和承接地环境规制力度的差别是影响企业迁移的重要因素;在不同的情境模式下,影响不同类型企业跨区域迁移行为的关键因素存在明显差异.在演化博弈分析的基础上,进而提出促进沿海企业向我国中西部地区有序迁移的政策建议.     

‘Second-order’ ethnic minorities in Asian secessionist conflicts: problems and prospects

This article provides some conceptual foundations for a special issue of Asian Ethnicity concerned with what we call ‘second-order minorities’. If secessionist conflicts involve minorities resisting abusive, assimilationist states, leading rebel groups to embark on their own nation-building efforts, how does this affect the minorities of aspiring secessionist nations? How do the minorities of secessionist groups respond to secessionism? Despite many insightful studies of secessionism and rebel ethno-nationalism, scholars have yet to explore the ways that local minorities navigate secessionist conflicts. We suggest that the relationship between secessionists and second-order minorities depends on three key factors: whether minorities are territorially concentrated or dispersed, indigenous or migrant, and nation majorities or small national minorities. These characteristics provide us some idea of the types of violence and counter-mobilization we might see among second-order minorities faced with secessionist violence. This article then previews the subsequent studies of Xinjiang, Aceh, Mindanao, and Sri Lanka, cases which capture some of the core challenges faced by second-order minorities against twin violent nation-building efforts from state and rebel forces.     

阶层分化与农民层级迁移

“乡—城”迁移假定农民由乡村向城市迁移,这一假定遮蔽了实践中农民迁移方向的多元性,阶层分化是基本影响因素。以武陵山区龙马乡为例,田野调查发现公共品供给贫困,农民普遍要求迁移。然而实践中农民迁移路径受制于农户拥有的初始资本和可持续生计来源,不同阶层农民的迁移路径呈现层级性。农民迁移在目的地上表现为从城镇、中间集镇到中心村的地域层级,各迁移路径性质分别是非农化迁移、过渡性迁移和农村内部迁移,这种农民迁移实践可以归纳为“层级迁移”。层级迁移是农民阶层分化背景下的农民迁移基本规律。     

农业劳动力转移对农业生产的影响研究

农业劳动力转移促进了农民增收并推动农村和城市经济社会发展,但也带来了农村劳动力资源流失问题.当转移劳动力边际生产率大于零时,转移会减少农村总产出.通过模型分析了农业劳动力转移对社会整体产出的影响,从农业劳动力转移数量应有合理规模的视角,对四川省这一劳动力转移和农业生产大省进行了实证研究,发现四川农业产出随转移数量变化呈现出分阶段特点,分析认为2004年是转折点,转移规模达到了合理水平,此后增加的转移量对农业生产影响较大,建议四川农业劳动力转移规模应得到合理控制,以确保粮食主产区的粮食安全.     

抗战时期“西进运动”对河南人口的影响

日本发动全面侵华战争及中国东部频繁的自然灾害导致大量人口流离失所,为求生存,在国民政府西迁政策号召下,全国范围掀起了人口"西进运动"。人口大省河南不仅人口数量迅速减少,人口结构也有变化(表现在年龄性别、职业、教育等方面),而且打破了传统东多西少的人口地理分布。河南人口的西迁,对缓解人地矛盾、加快偏远地区开发等方面有较大的积极作用,但由战争引发的被动迁移也给国民经济带来严重破坏。     

Internal Migration of Ethno‐national Minorities: The Case of Arabs in Israel

Recent scholarship emphasizes differences among ethnic groups' internal migration patterns. Yet, with few exceptions, research has focused on the Anglo‐American world, neglecting experiences from other regions. This paper is part of a larger research project that studies mobility among the Arab minority in Israel and its driving forces. In this paper we examine patterns of internal migration by analysing the propensity to migrate as well as migrants' individual and social characteristics. First, we survey the theoretical backdrop that is suggested by recent geographic literature on internal migration among ethnic and racial minorities, including native groups. Second, we contextualize the group studied, providing necessary background information on the political, socio‐economic and demographic conditions of Arabs in Israel. We briefly discuss attributes that are – or have been – potential hindering factors to Arab mobility in the Jewish state. Finally, we analyse 1995 national census data at the micro scale and provide a basis for future explanations of the phenomenon. We conclude by outlying some future directions in the study of internal migration of minorities in Israel.     

流动的文化和文化的流动——唐代以来傈僳族的迁徙及其文化变迁研究

历史上,长期的迁徙生活使傈僳族的生存环境一直处于变动之中,从甘青高原沿"藏彝走廊"到川、藏、滇交界地带,又从金沙江河谷迁移到澜沧江,进而到怒江流域,直至东南亚一带。人是文化的载体,人的流动即是文化的流动。由于频繁的战争和游耕经济生活所导致的迁徙使傈僳族的生产、生活方式不断发生变化,其民族文化就一直在流动中断层、积累、沉淀和延续,又在流动中包容、吸纳了其他民族的文化,由此使自身文化发生嬗变。本文主要以历史人类学的研究理论与方法,探讨傈僳族的迁徙历史对其民族传统文化产生的影响,即这种高山深谷间的长期迁徙,使傈僳族的传统文化成为不断流动着的文化,由此所引起的文化的封闭而又多元又成为傈僳族传统文化的基本特质。     

拉美裔移民与美国国家特性危机

近10年来,美国出现了拉美裔移民激增的现象,远远超过美国文化“熔炉”的同化速度。多元文化主义对此问题的处理有着强大的影响力。多元文化主义的正确性不是放之四海而皆准的,在具体的拉美裔移民问题上,忽视移民同化,片面推崇多元文化主义将有可能危及美国文化的核心价值观和美国特性的地位,导致一个分裂的美国社会出现。     

高校应该如何加强基建维修工程审计

当前市场经济体制改革已打破了高校以国家拨款为主要来源的预算资金管理体制 ,逐步形成了多渠道筹措经费的新格局。在新形势下高校内部应采取完善的措施 ,以提高基建维修工程的审计质量